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Patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in resistance gene clusters of two hybridizing European Populus species

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Abstract

Resistance genes (R-genes) are essential for long-lived organisms such as forest trees, which are exposed to diverse herbivores and pathogens. In short-lived model species, R-genes have been shown to be involved in species isolation. Here, we studied more than 400 trees from two natural hybrid zones of the European Populus species Populus alba and Populus tremula for microsatellite markers located in three R-gene clusters, including one cluster situated in the incipient sex chromosome region. The results indicate that all three R-gene clusters present extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD). Outlier tests suggest balancing selection as a potential driver of R-gene diversity, but divergent selection was also detected. Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) type R-gene clusters exhibit low species differentiation and appear to be affected by shared selection pressures between species, recurrent interspecific gene flow, or both. Our results are consistent with a role for R-gene clusters in the evolution of chromosome XIX, recently put forward as an incipient sex chromosome in Populus.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants 31003A_127059 and 31003A_149306 of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) to CL.

Data archiving statement

Microsatellite genotype data can be found on dryad doi:10.5061/dryad.2593t.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Celine Caseys, Kai N. Stölting, Thelma Barbará & Christian Lexer

  2. Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Celine Caseys

  3. Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA-Forest Research Centre, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Santiago C. González-Martínez

  4. Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria

    Christian Lexer

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  1. Celine Caseys
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  2. Kai N. Stölting
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  3. Thelma Barbará
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  4. Santiago C. González-Martínez
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  5. Christian Lexer
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Correspondence to Celine Caseys.

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Communicated by P. Ingvarsson

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Disease Resistance

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Caseys, C., Stölting, K.N., Barbará, T. et al. Patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in resistance gene clusters of two hybridizing European Populus species. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11, 81 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0904-8

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