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Inbreeding depression at the sapling stage and its genetic consequences in a population of the outcrossing dominant tree species, Castanopsis sieboldii

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Abstract

Highly frequent pollination at short distances combined with spatial genetic structure (SGS) among reproductive individuals, as observed in populations of many forest tree species, may lead to highly frequent pollinations between genetically related individuals located close to each other. This could increase frequencies of biparental inbreeding and strengthen the degree of SGS across generations. However, the degree of SGS observed in forest tree populations is not usually strong, suggesting that such processes are restricted by other factors, which may include inbreeding depression. To test this hypothesis, we examined inbreeding depression in Castanopsis sieboldii saplings in a population known to have significant SGS and high frequencies of short-distance pollination. We determined genotypes at eight microsatellite loci of 125 adult trees and 899 saplings in a 4-ha plot. The neighborhood model approach, assuming an exponential power function, showed highly frequent pollination at short distance among parents of saplings. SGS was significantly stronger among saplings than among adults. The average value of F is (individual inbreeding coefficient based on kinship coefficients between genes within individuals) was also significantly higher among saplings than among adults. Furthermore, average values for saplings were relatively high (0.036–0.052) in 30–50 to 90–110 cm height classes and rapidly decreased to 0.006 for the ≥110-cm class. Analysis of covariance, taking into account the canopy state, showed that inbreeding depression had a significant negative effect on the saplings’ height. Thus, the level of inbreeding in saplings decreased with size classes increasing, probably due to pronounced inbreeding depression resulting in mortality or reduced growth of inbred saplings, and hence, the inbreeding depression may prevent increasing of the level of inbreeding and the degree of SGS in subsequent generations.

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Acknowledgments

Field and laboratory assistance was provided by members of the Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Physiology of Nagoya University, whose help is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Tsushima District Forest Office for allowing us to undertake this study, which was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos. 11460069 and 14206017) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Data archiving statement

We follow standard Tree Genetics and Genomes policy. All the ecological and genotype data will be deposited in the Dryad-Repository.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aichi Prefectural Forestry Research Institute, Shinshiro, Aichi, 441-1622, Japan

    Atsushi Nakanishi

  2. Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0843, Japan

    Hiroshi Yoshimaru

  3. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Nobuhiro Tomaru

  4. Kansai Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sho-oh, Katsuta, Okayama, 709-4335, Japan

    Masahiro Miura

  5. Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, 805-0071, Japan

    Tohru Manabe

  6. Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan

    Shin-ichi Yamamoto

Authors
  1. Atsushi Nakanishi
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  2. Hiroshi Yoshimaru
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  3. Nobuhiro Tomaru
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  4. Masahiro Miura
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  5. Tohru Manabe
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  6. Shin-ichi Yamamoto
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Correspondence to Atsushi Nakanishi.

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Communicated by J. Beaulieu

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Population structure

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Nakanishi, A., Yoshimaru, H., Tomaru, N. et al. Inbreeding depression at the sapling stage and its genetic consequences in a population of the outcrossing dominant tree species, Castanopsis sieboldii . Tree Genetics & Genomes 11, 62 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0890-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0890-x

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