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Genetic diversity in kiwifruit polyploid complexes: insights into cultivar evaluation, conservation, and utilization

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Abstract

Understanding the extent and partitioning of crop genetic diversity is necessary for conserving and utilizing their genetic potentials for breeding. In the present study, fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used to characterize the genetic diversity and relationships of 79 cultivars and also of 122 F1 hybrids which resulted from six kiwifruit interploid crosses. A high level of mean genetic diversity was detected (Hj > 0.22) for all cultivars investigated, without significant differences among diploids (2x), tetraploids (4x), and hexaploids (6x). This suggested that no significant genetic erosion occurred in these cultivars, which were directly selected from natural resources or created from crosses. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean analysis of the genetic dissimilarity between cultivars showed three main groups mostly based on their three ploidy levels. Among these, the red-fleshed cultivars which were originally derived from ‘Hongyang’ clustered into one subgroup of group I, suggesting their unique genetic background despite they were marked as different cultivars used in the current kiwifruit industry. By analyzing the genetic variation of hybrids with variable ploidy levels, our genetic analyses further revealed that interploid crosses can increase the genetic diversity of F1 offsprings, especially from the parental combinations of 6x–2x and 6x–4x, in which both parents showed significant differences in morphology and genetic backgrounds. Based on these findings, strategies were proposed for the conservation and utilization of the current kiwifruit genetic resources for future breeding programs.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Fei Han and Xiaoli Liu for help with crossing experiments and cultivation, and Siping Li for experiments. This project was funded by NSF of China grant (Y211121N01).

Data archiving statement

We followed the standard Tree Genetics and Genomes policy. The marker information has been listed in Table 4 of the Appendix

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Dawei Li, Xinwei Li, Jingyun Rao, Xiaohong Yao & Caihong Zhong

  2. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510650, China

    Yifei Liu

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  1. Dawei Li
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  2. Yifei Liu
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  3. Xinwei Li
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Correspondence to Caihong Zhong.

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Communicated by R. Burdon

Appendix

Appendix

Table 3 List of name, ploidy level, and the description of 79cultivars (selections) analyzed in this study
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Table 4 Sequences of adapters and primers used for the AFLP reactions
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Table 5 Degree of polymorphism and quality of AFLP data generated from combinations of 11 primers
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Li, D., Liu, Y., Li, X. et al. Genetic diversity in kiwifruit polyploid complexes: insights into cultivar evaluation, conservation, and utilization. Tree Genetics & Genomes 10, 1451–1463 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0773-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0773-6

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