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Genetic diversity of Moroccan grape accessions conserved ex situ compared to Maghreb and European gene pools

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Abstract

Grape diversity present in Morocco and the part of this diversity used nowadays are poorly documented. In order to choose diversified genotypes, to select them so that their agronomic interest will be tested, a group of 21 autochthonous cultivars preserved in the germplasm collections of SODEA and 18 Moroccan cultivars from “Domaine de Vassal” INRA grape collection was compared to a group of cultivars from neighbouring countries (Algeria and Tunisia), and from a core collection optimizing simple sequence repeat (SSR) allelic diversity of grape. Data from 20 nuclear and 3 chloroplastic SSR markers were obtained for this set of 211 cultivars. A total of 156 alleles (mean of 7.8 alleles per locus) were detected for the nSSRs and 7 alleles for the cpSSR in the Moroccan group. Chlorotype diversity in Moroccan and Algerian group were similar, but slightly lower than in the Tunisian group and the core collection. Similarly, the nSSR diversity was high in the core collection and low in the Moroccan and the Algerian groups compared to the two other groups. Clustering of cultivars based on nSSR data reflected their geographical origin and, to a certain extent, the use of the cultivars. The specificity of the Moroccan plant material was attested by the Bayesian analysis using Structure, while differences of the core collection were clearly revealed both by the Bayesian and a multivariate analysis. These results confirm the differentiation of the material from Maghreb and more specifically of Moroccan material, having evolved independently from Europe.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Projet PRAD No. 06 09 from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and by the National Centre for the Scientific and Technical Research in Morocco (C.N.R.S.T). We thank Jean-Pierre Péros, Roberto Bacilieri, Loïc Le Cunff and Alexandre Fournier-Level for the scientific discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 1097, DIAPC, INRA, Equipe “Diversité, Génétique et Génomique Vigne”, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France

    Aicha El Oualkadi, Valérie Laucou, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, Thierry Lacombe & Patrice This

  2. Diversité et Conservation des Systèmes Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan, B.P. 2062, M’hannech II, Tétouan, Morocco

    Aicha El Oualkadi & Mohammed Ater

  3. UR Arboriculture, Viticulture, ENA, B.P. 578, Meknès, Morocco

    Zerhoune Messaoudi

  4. Laboratoire d’arboriculture et viticulture, Département des sciences Agronomiques, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi Ouzou, BP No. 17 RP, Tizi Ozou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria

    Kaddour El Heit

Authors
  1. Aicha El Oualkadi
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  2. Mohammed Ater
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  5. Valérie Laucou
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  6. Jean-Michel Boursiquot
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  7. Thierry Lacombe
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Correspondence to Aicha El Oualkadi.

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Communicated by R. Velasco

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El Oualkadi, A., Ater, M., Messaoudi, Z. et al. Genetic diversity of Moroccan grape accessions conserved ex situ compared to Maghreb and European gene pools. Tree Genetics & Genomes 7, 1287–1298 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-011-0413-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-011-0413-3

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