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Phylogeography of Larix sukaczewii Dyl. and Larix sibirica L. inferred from nucleotide variation of nuclear genes

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Abstract

We investigated phylogeography of Larix sukaczewii and Larix sibirica using nucleotide variation at three following nuclear gene regions: 5.8 S rDNA including two internal transcribed spacers (ITS), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and phytochrome-O (PHYO). We also included sequences of the 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) gene region obtained in our recent study. CAD and PHYO showed very low nucleotide variation, but ITS and 4CL had levels of variation similar to those reported for other conifers. Pleistocene refugia have been hypothesized to exist in the Southern Urals and South Central Siberia, where four out of nine of the investigated populations occur. We found moderate to high levels of population differentiation (F ST  = 0.115 – 0.531) in some pairwise comparisons suggesting limited gene flow and independent evolution of some refugial populations. In L. sukaczewii, low levels of differentiation were found among populations from areas glaciated during the Pleistocene, indicating their recent origin. Our results also suggest these populations were created by migrants from multiple, genetically distinct refugia. Furthermore, some haplotypes observed in populations from previously glaciated areas were not found in putative refugial populations, suggesting these populations might have contributed little to the extant populations created after the Last Glacial Maximum. Some authors regard L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica as a single species, while others consider them as separate species. The observed conspicuous differences in haplotype composition and distribution between L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica, together with high values of F ST between populations of the two species, appear to support the latter classification.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Drs. Ove Martinsson JiLU, Bispgården, Sweden and Katsuhiko Takata, Institute of Wood Technology Akita Prefectural University, Japan for providing seed samples. We also wish to thank Dr. Vladimir L. Semerikov, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia for help in obtaining literature related to morphological studies on L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica. This work was partly supported by Grant No. 16-260 from the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant, The Japan Science Society to NHTA and by the Grants No. 13575002 and 17405032 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan to AES.

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  1. Deparment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Neyton H. T. Araki, Ismael A. Khatab, Nobuyuki Inomata & Alfred E. Szmidt

  2. Deptarment of Applied Genetics and Pest Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Kariyawasam K. G. U. Hemamali

  3. Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    Xiao-Ru Wang

  4. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt

    Ismael A. Khatab

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  1. Neyton H. T. Araki
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Correspondence to Alfred E. Szmidt.

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Ismael A. Khatab and Kariyawasam K.G.U. Hemamali contributed equally to this work.

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Araki, N.H.T., Khatab, I.A., Hemamali, K.K.G.U. et al. Phylogeography of Larix sukaczewii Dyl. and Larix sibirica L. inferred from nucleotide variation of nuclear genes. Tree Genetics & Genomes 4, 611–623 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-008-0137-1

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