Abstract
To predict outbreaks of infectious disease and to prevent epidemics, it is essential not only to conduct pathological studies but also to understand the interactions between the environment, pathogen, host and humans that cause and spread infectious diseases. Outbreaks of mass mortality in carp caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), formerly known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), disease have occurred worldwide since the late 1990s. We proposed an environment–KHV–carp–human linkage as a conceptual model for “environmental diseases” and specify research subjects that might be necessary to construct and shape this linkage.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akimichi T (ed) (2005) A new tale on humans in nature. Biostory, vol 3. Showa-do, Kyoto (in Japanese)
Barton B (2002) Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integr Comp Biol 42:517–525
Bruggemann H, Cazalet C, Buchrieser C (2006) Adaptation of Legionella pneumophila to the host environment: role of protein secretion, effectors and eukaryotic-like proteins. Curr Opin Microbiol 9:86–94
Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD (2000) Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife—threats to biodiversity and human health. Science 287:443–449
Ellis T, James JD, Stewart C, Scott AP (2004) A non-invasive stress assay based upon measurement of free cortisol released into the water by rainbow trout. J Fish Biol 65:1233–1252
Ewald PW, Sussman JB, Distler MT, Libel C, Chammas WP, Dirita VJ, Salles CA, Vicente AC, Heitmann I, Cabello F (1998) Evolutionary control of infectious disease: prospects for vectorborne and waterborne pathogens. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 93(5):567–576
Eide KE, Miller-Morgan T, Heidel JR, Kent ML, Bildfell RJ, LaPatra S, Watson G, Jin L (2011) Investigation of koi herpesvirus latency in koi. J Virol 85(10):4954–4962
Friman V-P, Lindstedt C, Hiltunen T, Laakso J, Mappes J (2009) Predation on multiple trophic levels shapes the evolution of pathogen virulence. PLoS ONE 4(8):e6761. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006761
Honjo MN, Minamoto T, Matsui K, Uchii K, Yamanaka H, Suzuki AA, Kohmatsu Y, Iida T, Kawabata Z (2010) Quantification of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in environmental water by using an external standard virus. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:161–168
Ilouze M, Dishon A, Kotler M (2006) Characterization of a novel virus causing a lethal disease in carp and koi. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 70:147–156
Jones KE, Patl NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL, Daszak P (2008) Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 451:990–994
Johnson PT, Townsend J, Alan R, Cleveland CC, Glibert PM, Howarth RW, McKenzie VJ, Rejmankova E, Ward MH (2010) Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife. Ecol Appl 20(1):16–29
Kawabata Z (2011) Ecosystem conservation to attenuate environmental diseases. Jpn J Zool Wildl Med 16(2):83–88 (in Japanese)
Kiesecker JM, Blaustein AR, Belden LK (2001) Complex causes of amphibian population declines. Nature 410:681–684
Matsui K, Honjo M, Kohmatsu Y, Uchii K, Yonekura R, Kawabata Z (2008) Detection and significance of koi herpesvirus (KHV) in freshwater environments. Freshw Biol 53:1262–1272
Matsui K, Ishii N, Kawabata Z (2003) Release of extracellular transformable plasmid DNA from Esherichia coli by co-cultivated with algae. Appl Environ Microbiol 69(4):2399–2404
Matsuzaki S, Nishikawa W, Takamura N, Washitani I (2007) Effects of common carp on nutrient dynamics and littoral community composition: roles of excretion and bioturbation. Fundam Appl Limnol 168:27–38
Minamoto T, Honjo MN, Uchii K, Yamanaka H, Suzuki AA, Kohmatsu Y, Iida T, Kawabata Z (2009a) Detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 DNA in river water during and after an outbreak. Vet Microbiol 135:261–266
Minamoto T, Honjo MN, Kawabata Z (2009b) Seasonal distribution of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in Lake Biwa, Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:6900–6904
Minamoto T, Honjo MN, Yamanaka H, Tanaka N, Itayama T, Kawabata Z (2011) Detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 DNA in lake palnkton. Res Vet Sci 90:530–532
Nakajima T, Nakajima M, Yamazaki T (2010) Evidence for fish cultivation during the Yayoi Period in western Japan. Int J Osteoarchaeol 20:127–134
O’Brien DP, Currie BJ, Krause VL (2000) Nontuberculous micobacteria disease in Northern Australia: a case series and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 31:958–968
Penman B, Gupta S (2008) Evolution of virulence in malaria. J Biol 7:22
Pokorova D, Vesely T, Piackova V, Reschova S, Hulova J (2005) Current knowledge on koi herpesvirus (KHV): a review. Vet Med Czech 50:139–147
Stuart I, Jones M (2002) Ecology and management of common carp in the Barmah-Millewa forest. Arthur Rylah Institute, The State of Victoria. ISBN: 1-74106-639-8
Takahara T, Yamanaka H, Suzuki AA, Honjo MN, Minamoto T, Yonekura R, Itayama T, Kohmatsu Y, Kawabata Z (2011) Stress response to temparature fluctuation during a day of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Hydrobiologia 675(1):65–73
Uchii K, Matsui K, Iida T, Kawabata Z (2009) Distribution of the introduced cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in a wild population of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). J Fish Dis 32:857–864
Uchii K, Telschow A, Minamoto T, Yamanaka H, Honjo MN, Matsui K, Kawabata Z (2011) Transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife through host reproductive cycles. ISME J 5:244–251
Ueki M, Matsui K, Choi K, Kawabata Z (2004) The enhancement of conjugal plasmid pBHR1 transfer between bacteria in the presence of extracellular metabolic products produced by Microcystis aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 51:1–8
Yamaguchi N, Ichijo T, Nasu M (2011) Environmental disease—environmental alteration and infectious disease. Ecol Res 26:893–896
Yamamura N, Telschow A, Uchii K, Kawabata Z (2011) A basic equation for population dynamics with destruction of breeding habitats and its application to outbreak of cyprinid herpesvirus 3. Ecol Res 26:181–189
Yamanaka H, Kohmatsu Y, Minamoto T, Kawabata Z (2010) Spatial variation and temporal stability of littoral water temperature relative to lakeshore morphometry: environmental analysis from the view of fish thermal ecology. Limnology 11:71–76
Acknowledgments
We thank our collaborators for their support in various ways. We also thank all the speakers and participants for the international symposium, “Environmental Change, Pathogens, and Human Linkages” held at the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) in June 2008. We also thank freshwaterBIODIVERSITY, DIVERSITAS, an international program of biodiversity science, for their involving in discussion on infectious diseases in aquatic ecosystems. This research is supported by RIHN as one of the RIHN projects.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Kawabata, Z., Minamoto, T., Honjo, M.N. et al. Environment–KHV–carp–human linkage as a model for environmental diseases. Ecol Res 26, 1011–1016 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-011-0881-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-011-0881-9