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Does invasion involve alternation of germination requirements? A comparative study between native and introduced strains of an annual Brassicaceae, Cardamine hirsuta

  • Special Issue
  • Evolution in biological invasion
  • Published:
Ecological Research

Abstract

Cardamine hirsuta is a European annual weed that has been naturalized in Japan. Although the species is a widespread weed in Europe, its introduction to the Japanese Islands occurred recently. We hypothesized that the introduction of Cardamine hirsuta required adaptation that has delayed its spread in Japan. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in temperature requirements for seed germination between Japanese and European strains of Cardamine hirsuta. We compared temperature requirements for seed germination, because it is known to be a critical determinant of phenology and thus is expected to be important in the success of introduction into different climates. Seeds of six and five strains from Japan and Europe, respectively, were used in seed germination experiments under five different temperature regimes. Japanese strains generally showed stronger initial seed dormancy and were characterized by suppressed germination in higher temperature regimes. European strains showed variable patterns of temperature-dependent seed germination. It turned out that these temperature-dependent dormancies are mediated by abscisic acid (ABA), because dormant seeds germinated under the presence of an inhibitor of ABA synthesis. Seed germination characteristics shared by Japanese strains presumably enhance long transport and autumn germination, while these characteristics are not necessarily common among European strains. The results are supportive for the idea that adaptation has altered germination characteristics of Cardamine hirsuta through the introduction process into Japan.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the exchange program of the Japan Society of Promotion of Science and Slovak Academy of Sciences, by the Grant Agency for Science, VEGA, Bratislava (grant no. 2/6055/26 to J.L.), and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant no. 0021620828 to K.M.). We would like to thank J. Ishii (Tokyo University), M. Perný (Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava) for their help in seed collections. We also thank the associate editor and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the earlier versions of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Hiroshi Kudoh & Mariko Nakayama

  2. Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Judita Lihová & Karol Marhold

  3. Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Karol Marhold

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  1. Hiroshi Kudoh
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  2. Mariko Nakayama
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  3. Judita Lihová
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  4. Karol Marhold
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Kudoh.

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Kudoh, H., Nakayama, M., Lihová, J. et al. Does invasion involve alternation of germination requirements? A comparative study between native and introduced strains of an annual Brassicaceae, Cardamine hirsuta . Ecol Res 22, 869–875 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0417-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0417-5

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