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Patient movement during extraoral radiographic scanning

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Abstract

Objectives

To assess directional patient movement during extraoral scans.

Methods

Ten reference points (RPs) were marked on the faces of 20 patients. Frontal and lateral digital photographs were obtained continuously during panoramic scanning. The largest overall distances between the same RPs (and their corresponding horizontal and vertical vectors) were measured for the following time frames: 0–15 s, 0–25 s, and 0–40 s. Movements were compared between frontal and lateral photographs and between time frames by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively.

Results

The mean maximal overall patient movement was 1.44 ± 0.93 mm (range 0.6–4.5 mm) for frontal photographs and 1.89 ± 1.35 mm (range 0.8–5.8 mm) for lateral photographs. The movements in the lateral photographs were significantly greater than those in the frontal photographs (p < 0.001). The magnitudes of the movements were larger for the longer time frames.

Conclusions

Sizable patient movement during scanning was observed. These movements increased with time. This potential source for error should be considered when attempting to improve the accuracy of scanning devices.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Ms. Tanya Mashiach from the Rambam Health Care Campus Statistical Unit for the statistical analyses.

Conflict of interest

Michal Halperin-Sternfeld, Eli E. Machtei, Christoph Balkow, and Jacob Horwitz declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human rights statement and informed consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, PO Box 9602, 3109601, Haifa, Israel

    Michal Halperin-Sternfeld, Eli E. Machtei & Jacob Horwitz

  2. Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, PO Box 9602, 3109601, Haifa, Israel

    Eli E. Machtei & Jacob Horwitz

  3. Department of Photography, FH-Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Kurt-Schumacher-Straße 6, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany

    Christoph Balkow

Authors
  1. Michal Halperin-Sternfeld
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  2. Eli E. Machtei
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  3. Christoph Balkow
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  4. Jacob Horwitz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michal Halperin-Sternfeld.

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Halperin-Sternfeld, M., Machtei, E.E., Balkow, C. et al. Patient movement during extraoral radiographic scanning. Oral Radiol 32, 40–47 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-015-0208-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-015-0208-6

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