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ARDENT: A Proactive Agent-Based Routing Protocol for Internet of Vehicles

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Abstract

The design of an efficient routing algorithm for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) poses several problems due to its special characteristics, including nodes high-speed mobility, frequent topology change, link instability, and the presence of radio obstacles. Geographic routing protocols are a promising solution for the IoV, since the main routing parameter used by these protocols is the location information accessible through a location-based service. However, location services and traffic status measurements generate high network overhead. In this paper, we first propose a novel proactive location service called ATLAS that utilizes smart mobile agents to avoid the traffic overhead of traditional services and reduce the location update latency. Then, we present an Agent-Based Proactive Geographic Routing Protocol called ARDENT to route data packets with reduced delay and higher delivery ratio. The proposed systems aim to benefit from the IoV environment and multiagent characteristics to adapt to high-speed mobility, reduce the communication interruptions and the number of control messages overhead generated by the location service, and produce a complete geographic routing protocol suitable for urban settings. The evaluation of ATLAS shows significant performance improvements in terms of query success ratio and location update delay. In addition, the results of ARDENT illustrate its superiority in terms of data packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay as compared to similar routing protocols.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CES Laboratory, Higher Institute of Business Administration of Sfax, Univerisity of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

    Mohamed Mazouzi

  2. Computer Science and Mathematics Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Khaleel Mershad

  3. Higher Institute of Computer Science of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5111, Mahdia, Tunisia

    Omar Cheikhrouhou

  4. CES Laboratory, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia

    Omar Cheikhrouhou

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  1. Mohamed Mazouzi
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KM, MM, OC contributed equally to all the work on this paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Khaleel Mershad.

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Mazouzi, M., Mershad, K. & Cheikhrouhou, O. ARDENT: A Proactive Agent-Based Routing Protocol for Internet of Vehicles. Wireless Pers Commun 133, 567–604 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10779-5

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