Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design of a Novel Wearable Hybrid Fractal Antenna for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and WiMax Applications

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A distinct Meander Curve Based Star Shaped novel Wearable Hybrid Fractal Antenna is explored in this paper. The Meander curve is utilized to build the geometry of the antenna. A Star Shaped structure is additionally built in the middle of the patch also. It is planned over the jean substrate having dielectric constant 1.7 and having dimensions 52.3 × 58.7 × 1 mm3. The antenna is energized by microstrip line feed, placed at the base corner. The PSO technique is specially used to optimize the width of the ground plane using the fitness function. A numerical model is determined utilizing the IFS to produce the fractal geometry in MATLAB programming. The planned design is compact, mathematical engaging, and offers adequate bandwidth. It operates over 2.33–2.56 GHz and 6.20–6.44 GHz with resonant frequencies 2.44 and 6.31 GHz respectively. It provides 230 and 240 MHz bandwidth at the corresponding resonant frequencies. This antenna provides 8.84 dB and 5.77 dB gain and stable radiation patterns at resonant frequencies. HFSS software is utilized for simulating and planning the antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested, and the simulated and experimental results are compared to examine the reliability of it. The performance of this antenna is further described by analyzing the behavior using different wearable substrate materials like wash cotton, felt, polyester, etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. Kindly do not make accessible this manuscript on research square before publication because it is our Phd Work and we will not disclose it before publication.

References

  1. Paracha, K. N., Rahim, S. K. A., & Soh, P. J. (2019). Wearable antenna: A review of materials, structures and innovative features for autonomous communication and sensing. IEEE Access, 7, 56694–56712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Joshi, J. G., Pattnaik, S. S., & Devi, S. (2013). Geo-textile based Metamaterial loaded wearable microstrip patch antenna. International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology, 8, 25–33.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Osman, M. A. R., Rahim, M. K. A., Samsuri, N. A., Salim, H. A. M., & Ali, M. F. (2011). Embroidered fully textile wearable antenna for medical monitoring applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 117, 321–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gao, G. P., Hu, B., Wang, S. F., & Yang, C. (2017). Wearable circular ring slot antenna with EBG structure for wireless body area network. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, 17, 434–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Simorangkir, R. B. V. B., & Kiourti, A. (2018). UWB wearable antenna with a full ground plane based on PDMS-embedded conductive fabric. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation, 17, 493–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sehemi, A. G., Ghamdi, A. A., Dishovsky, N. T., Atanasov, N. T., & Atanasova, G. L. (2017). Flexible and small wearable antenna for wireless body area network applications. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 31, 1063–1082.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Afridi, A., Ullah, S., Khan, S., Ahmed, A., Khalil, A. H., & Tarar, M. A. (2016). Design of dual band wearable antenna using metamaterial. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 47, 126–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gil, I., & Garcia, R. F. (2017). Wearable PIFA antenna implemented on jean substrate for wireless body area network. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 31, 1194–1204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Singh, A. G., Gupta, A., & Arya, A. K. (2017). MSFDR antenna as a logo for smart wearable systems. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), 9, 2024–2030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rani, S., & Singh, A. P. (2012). On the design and optimization of new fractal antenna using PSO. International Journal of Electronics, 100, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sharma, N., & Bhatia, S. S. (2019). Design of printed monopole antenna with band notch characteristics for ultra-wideband applications. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 29, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sran, S. S. & Sivia, J. S. (2016). Design of C shape modified Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna for wireless applications. In International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), pp. 821–824.

  13. Singh, A., & Sivia, J. S. (2017). Multiband hybrid microstrip patch antenna for L, S and C band applications. International Journal of Control Theory And Applications, 10, 503–509.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sivia, J. S., Pharwaha, A. P. S., & Kamal, T. S. (2016). Neurocomputational models for parameter estimation of circular microstrip patch antennas. International Journal of Computer Applications, 85, 393–400.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jindal, S., & Sivia, J. S. (2019). Hybrid fractal antenna using Meander and Minkowski curves for wireless applications. Wireless Personal Communication, 106, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sivia, J. S., Singh, A. P., & Kamal, T. S. (2013). Neurocomputational approach for feed-position estimation in circular micro-strip antenna. International Journal of Computer Applications, 75, 33–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bhatia, S. S., & Sivia, J. S. (2019). On the design of fractal antenna array for multiband applications. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, 8, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sivia, J. S., Singh, A. P., & Kamal, T. S. (2013). Design of sierpinski carpet fractal antenna using artificial neural networks. International Journal of Computer Applications, 68, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kaur, M., & Sivia, J. S. (2019). Minkowaki, Giuseppe Peano and Koch curves based design of compact hybrid fractal antenna for biomedical applications using ANN and PSO. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 99, 14–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bhatia, S. S., Sivia, J. S., & Sharma, N. (2018). An optimal design of fractal antenna with modified ground structure for wideband applications. Wireless Personal Communication, 103, 1977–1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sidhu, A. K., & Sivia, J. S. (2018). A novel design of wideband Koch like sided Sierpinski square carpet multifractal antenna. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 33, 873–879.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kaur, M., & Sivia, J. S. (2019). ANN-based design of hybrid fractal antenna for biomedical application. International Journal of Electronics, 106, 1184–1199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Sran, S. S. & Sivia, J. S. (2016). Quad staircase microstrip patch antenna for S, C and X band applications. In International conference on computational modeling and security (CMS), pp. 443–450.

  24. Rani, S., & Singh, A. P. (2013). Design and optimization of new hybrid fractal tree antenna. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetic and Mechanics, 43, 403–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sran, S. S., & Sivia, J. S. (2020). ANN and IFS based wearable hybrid fractal antenna with DGS for S, C and X band application. International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEUE), 127, 153425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kaur, M., & Sivia, J. S. (2021). Tree-shaped hybrid fractal antenna for biomedical applications using ANN and PSO, Wireless Personal Communication.

  27. Sran, S. S., & Sivia, J. S. (2021). PSO and IFS techniques for the design of wearable hybrid fractal antenna. International Journal of Electronics (IET), 108(12), 2039–2057.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Sivia, J. S., & Bahtia, S. S. (2021). Meander and Koch hybrid fractal curve based dual hexagon radiating patch antenna for quad band wireless applications. Wireless Personal Communication, 126(1), 665–677.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kaur, N., & Sivia, J. S. (2021). Artificial neural network based metasurface inspired planar frequency reconfigurable antenna for wireless applications. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 31, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kaur, N., & Sivia, J. S. (2021). SRR and rectangular stubs loaded novel fractal antenna realization for multiband wireless applications. Wireless Personal Communications, 120(1), 515–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kaur, N., & Sivia, J. S. (2020). Hexagonal ring shaped dual band antenna using staircase fractal geometry for wireless applications. Wireless Personal Communications, 113, 2067–2078.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Nanada, C. K., Ballav, S. & Chatterjee, A. (2018). A body wearable antenna based on jeans substrate with wide-band response. In 5th international conference on signal processing and integrated networks IEEE, pp. 474–477.

  33. Purohit, S., & Raval, F. (2014). Wearable -textile patch antenna using jeans as substrate at 2.45 GHz. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 3, 2456–2460.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wang, K. H. & Li, J. S. (2018). Jeans textile antenna for smart wearable antenna. In 12th international symposium on antennas, propagation and EM theory (ISAPE), pp. 1–3.

Download references

Funding

No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India

    Sandeep Singh Sran

  2. YDoE, Punjabi University Guru Kashi Campus, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, 151302, India

    Jagtar Singh Sivia

Authors
  1. Sandeep Singh Sran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jagtar Singh Sivia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandeep Singh Sran.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sran, S.S., Sivia, J.S. Design of a Novel Wearable Hybrid Fractal Antenna for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and WiMax Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 132, 737–755 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10635-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10635-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation