Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and Analysis of Rectangular Circularly Polarized Array Antenna for Flexible IoT Applications

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, a Coaxial fed 2 × 2 array antenna is proposed. This antenna employsfour patch elements, and the individual feedlines are connected to a standard coaxial feed. The size of the antenna is 74.4 × 74.4 \({\mathrm{mm}}^{2}\) with a substrate thickness of 1.6 mm. Polyamide is used as a substrate which has a dielectric constant of 4.3. The antenna's operating band starts from 4.05 to 4.32 GHz, with a bandwidth of 0.27 GHz and a resonating frequency of 4.2 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The proposed antenna achieved a peak gain of 9.1 dB and a radiation efficiency of 85%. The design and simulations of the antenna were made using HFSS software. This antenna works for receiving band of standard c-band and as radio altimeters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig.15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Ayn, Q., Rao, P. N., Rao, P. M., & Prasad, B. S. (2018) Design and analysis of high gain 2 × 2 and 2 × 4 circular patch antenna arrays with and without air-gap for WLAN applications. In 2018 Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Engineering Systems (SPACES) (pp. 41–44). IEEE.

  2. Zhang, C. X., Zhuang, Y. Q., Zhang, X. K., & Hu, L. (2014). An UWB microstrip antenna array with novel corporate-fed structure. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 52, 7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li, C., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). A feed network of microstrip array antenna. In 2017 IEEE 2nd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC) (pp. 1764–1767). IEEE.

  4. Wang, Y., Shao, J., Chen, C., Ji, Y., Bin, Z., Fang, G., & Wang, L. (2014). Four-element planar array antenna for UWB application. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (pp. 787–791). IEEE.

  5. Yang, Y. Y., & Chu, Q. X. (2008). Planar 4-element UWB antenna array and time domain characterisation. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 50(12), 3118–3123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jiang, Y., Geyi, W., Yang, L., & Sun, H. (2015). Circularly-polarized focused microstrip antenna arrays. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15, 52–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ray, K. P., Suple, D. M., & Kant, N. (2009). Perturbed hexagonal microstrip antenna for circular polarisation. In 2009 Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC) (pp. 1–4). IEEE.

  8. Kapur, M. A. M. D. V., & Hora, M. J. Suspended Hexagonal Micro strip Antennas for Circular Polarisation.

  9. Verma, A. K. (2003). Analysis of circular microstrip patch antenna as an equivalent rectangular microstrip patch antenna on iso/anisotropic thick substrate. IEE Proceedings-Microwaves Antennas and Propagation, 150(4), 223–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sinha, S. P., Kumar, M., & Gupta, J. (2015). Design of 2×2 shaped rectangular microstrip array antenna for GSM application. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 6(5).

  11. Majed, M. B. (2015). Design a square microstrip patch antenna at 2.4 GHZ, AND comparison between unslotted and slotted version. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 79(2), 231.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Prajapati, S. K., & Dhubkarya, D. C. (2015). 2×2 Microstrip antenna array design for bandwidth enhancement using four arm spiral electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), 4(12), 2821–2824.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Madhav, B. T. P., Pisipati, V. G. K. M., Khan, H., Prasad, V. G. N. S., Kumar, K. P., Bhavani, K. V. L., & Prasad, P. D. (2011). Microstrip 2×2 square patch array antenna on K15 liquid Crystal substrate. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 6(9), 1099–1104.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ludwig, R. (2000). RF Circuit Design: Theory & Applications, 2/e. Pearson Education India.

  15. George, J., & Lethakumari, B. (2018). Design and optimisation of 2×2 corporate-series fed microstrip antenna array. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(19), 84–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Muludi, Z., &Aswoyo, B. (2017, September). Truncated microstrip square patch array antenna 2× 2 elements with circular polarisation for S-band microwave frequency. In 2017 International Electronics Symposium on Engineering Technology and Applications (IES-ETA) (pp. 87–92). IEEE.

  17. Balanis, C. A. (2016). Antenna theory: analysis and design. John wiley & sons.

  18. Kumar, G., & Ray, K. P. (2003). Broadband microstrip antennas. Artech house.

  19. Holden, Richard H., Joseph A. Preiss, and Gennaro Ledonne. (2001) Microstrip patch antenna." U.S. Patent No. 6 211, 8243.

  20. Lakshmi, M. L. S. N. S., Khan, H., & Madhav, B. T. P. (2015). Novel sequential rotated 2×2 array notched circular patch antenna. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 8(4), 73–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4340560DSR12). The authors also extend their appreciation and gratitude to Al-Mustaqbal University College in Iraq for funding this project.

Funding

This work is funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4340560DSR12).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, India, 522502

    Penumala Prem Sagar, Vullanki Rajesh, M. Venkateswararao & Sk Hasane Ahammad

  2. Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hilla, Babil, Iraq

    Baraa Riyadh Altahan

  3. Elearning Deanship and Distance Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 24381, Saudi Arabia

    Lassaad K. Smirani

  4. Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany

    Md. Amzad Hossain

  5. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh

    Md. Amzad Hossain

  6. Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32951, Egypt

    Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed

Authors
  1. Penumala Prem Sagar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vullanki Rajesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Baraa Riyadh Altahan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Venkateswararao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sk Hasane Ahammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lassaad K. Smirani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Md. Amzad Hossain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, PPS, VR, BRA, SH, MV; Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, BRA, LKS; Methodology,SH, LKS, ANR; Resources, Software, VR, SH, Md. AH, MV; Supervision, Validation, BRA, LKS, PPS, VR, ANR; Visualization, Writing—original draft, SHA, Md. AH, ANR; Writing—review editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Md. Amzad Hossain or Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

No competing interests.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Ethics Approval

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sagar, P.P., Rajesh, V., Altahan, B.R. et al. Design and Analysis of Rectangular Circularly Polarized Array Antenna for Flexible IoT Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 130, 1257–1275 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10330-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10330-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation