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Size Reduction, Multiband and Beamforming Features by Embedding Antennas in Distilled Water

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Abstract

In this work, the effects of embedding an antenna in a dielectric with high electrical permittivity (HEP) are extensively analyzed. The used antenna was a wire antenna originally designed for operating at 2.45 GHz, and the dielectric material used was Distilled Water (DW). By simulations and measures three important effects were found: i) a size reduction of approximately nine times, ii) the transformation of this antenna in a multiband antenna, and iii) variations in the radiation pattern that allow beamforming by changing the operation frequency. These three effects are important for the development of improved antennas. Through this paper the authors share detailed information, obtained by their own experience, on the manufacture of the embedded antenna, the simulation results and the measurements carried out that allowed verifying the three previously mentioned effects. These results are original contributions in an area where do no exist enough information about the use of this dielectric material for achieving these effects with this kind of antennas.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to the information was completely shared throught the text, figures and tables, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank to Ana Arboleya and Marcelo Peruzzi for valuable discussions about these topics.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Telecomunications, IIE-FING, Universidad de la República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Benigno Rodríguez & José Gómez

  2. Department of Electronics, IIE-FING, Universidad de la República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Leonardo Barboni

  3. Department of Circuits and Communications, Universidad del Zulia, Av. 16, Cecilio Acosta, 4011, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela

    Andry Contreras

Authors
  1. Benigno Rodríguez
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  2. Leonardo Barboni
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  3. José Gómez
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  4. Andry Contreras
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Contributions

All authors (BR, LB, JLG and AC) contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BR and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Benigno Rodríguez.

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Rodríguez, B., Barboni, L., Gómez, J. et al. Size Reduction, Multiband and Beamforming Features by Embedding Antennas in Distilled Water. Wireless Pers Commun 129, 881–892 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-10161-x

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