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Distributed Multilevel k-Coverage Energy-Efficient Fault-Tolerant Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Abstract

The expected k-coverage, prolonged network lifetime, and fault-tolerance capabilities play a vital role in the success of various application operations in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as they are the key performance indicators of WSNs. The k-coverage protocol ensures that the entire target region of interest (\({\mathbb {R}}\)) is the whole k-covered, where \({\mathbb {R}}\) can further be distributed into several target subregions. The distribution of target subregions is based on the field’s vulnerability. The value of k is higher for subregions with higher vulnerability. More explicitly, some applications request a high level of k-coverage for a portion of \({\mathbb {R}}\) that is highly vulnerable; such applications never demand a flat k-coverage for their entire \({\mathbb {R}}\). Thus, more sensors have to be unnecessarily active to provide a flat k-coverage. Some of the sensors stop working before their expected battery lifetime, due to which the network’s overall lifetime and functionality are influenced. Therefore, instead of flat k-coverage scheduling, we propose a distributed multilevel k-coverage, energy-efficient, and fault-tolerant scheduling protocol (named DkCEFS). The average time and the communication overhead of DkCEFS is \(O(n \log \, n)\). Simulation results proves that DkCEFS maintain the multilevel k-coverage ratio up to 40–45% compared to flat k-coverage and prolonging the average network lifetime up to 30–40% more with fault-tolerance capabilities. We also analyzed that distributed multilevel k-coverage conserve more energy than a distribution of a flat k-coverage in a stipulated network lifetime. The proof of correctness and simulation comparisons-results are presented to validate the proposed protocol’s effectiveness.

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  1. Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Sandeep Sahu & Sanjay Silakari

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  1. Sandeep Sahu
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Sahu agreed on the content of the study. Sahu and Silakari collected all the data for review and analysis. Sahu agreed on the methodology and writing-original draft preparation. Both completed the analysis based on agreed steps. Results and conclusions are discussed and written together. Both authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Sahu, S., Silakari, S. Distributed Multilevel k-Coverage Energy-Efficient Fault-Tolerant Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 124, 2893–2922 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09495-3

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