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Design and Analysis of Multiband Fractal Antenna for MIMO/Diversity Applications

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Abstract

In this article a modified hybridized fractal geometry i.e., fractal antenna is proposed for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) applications. These geometries are based on Minkowski curves and Koch curves located around the boundaries of the microstrip patch of rectangular-shaped patch. The hybridized model for fractal geometry is designed and analyzed on an FR4 substrate having a thickness of 1.47 mm for the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band. But due to the proposed fractal geometry, it resonates at three bands (2.45 GHz, 3.67 GHz, and 5.88 GHz) and it is covering the ISM band from 2.42 GHz to 2.48 GHz with a VSWR value is 1.48. Further, a 2 × 2 antenna for MIMO application is proposed by considering identical antenna elements placed in parallel on the same substrate. MIMO antenna resonates at three frequencies as same as single antenna elements and covering the same operating bands. The two elements of MIMO confguration are simulated for various sets of distance values, and optimized distance is obtained 18 mm at which a proposed antenna provides low mutual coupling value, low Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), and high diversity and peak gain. The calculated values of ECC and diversity gain are 0.0002 and 10 dB, respectively which satisfy the criteria of MIMO application. The design has been experimentally validated and an appropriate similarity of experimental and simulated results is achieved.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology TIET-VT Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials (CEEMS), TIET, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India

    Nitika Sharma, Hari Shankar Singh & Rajesh Khanna

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  1. Nitika Sharma
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  2. Hari Shankar Singh
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  3. Rajesh Khanna
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Correspondence to Nitika Sharma.

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Sharma, N., Singh, H.S. & Khanna, R. Design and Analysis of Multiband Fractal Antenna for MIMO/Diversity Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 122, 3671–3686 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09106-7

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