Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Discovery of Random Delay Distribution Based on Complex WSNs Clock Synchronization

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the rapid development, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) technology has been widely applied in many fields, such as military intelligence detection, medical condition detection, urban facility construction and smart home, etc. Clock synchronization is one of the key technologies in WSNs, precise node time synchronization is critical for many networked control applications in WSNs. Once the clock of sensor nodes loses synchronization, the information collected by nodes will lose timeliness and value for users. Therefore, the key technology of clock synchronization plays an important role in WSNs.

The main purpose of clock synchronization is to control the interval time that between sending and receiving timestamps of wireless sensor nodes within acceptable clock synchronization accuracy. However, because there are many kinds of link delays in the process of information transmission, the transmission time is prolonged and the time precision is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to study the exact causes and effects of these errors. In ZigBee wireless sensor network, through theoretical model and data experimental analysis, we got the result that the random delay distributions of the uplink and downlink obey normal distribution when the sensor nodes exchange some information.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sun, Y. Q., Peng, J., Liu, T., & Chen, X. H. (2014). Uneven clustering routing protocol based on dynamic partition for wireless sensor network. Journal on Communications, 35(1), 198–206.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Azzabi, T., Farhat, H., Sahli, N. (2017). A survey on wireless sensor networks security issues and military specificities. In 2017 International Conference on Advanced Systems and Electric Technologies (IC_ASET), 2017:66–72.

  3. Ghosh, K., Neogy, S., Das, P. K., & Mehta, M. (2018). Intrusion delection at internatonal borders and large military barracks with multi-sink wireless sentor networks: An energy solution. Wireless Personal Communications., 98(1), 1083–1101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mazhar Rathore, M., Ahmad, A., Paul, A., & Rho, S. (2016). Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using big analytics. Computer Networks., 101, 63–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Aroua, S., EI Korbi, I., Ghamri-Doudane, Y. (2017). A distributed cooperative spectrum resource allocation in smart home cognitive wireless sensor networks. In 2017 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2017:754–759.

  6. Yi, W., Lo, K., Mak, T., Lenug, K., & Leung, Y. (2015). A survey of wireless sensor network based air pollution monitoring system. Sensors, 15(12), 1392–1427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sundararaman, B., Buy, U., & Kshemkalyani, A. (2005). Clock synchronization for wireless sensor networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks, 3(3), 281–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Elson, J., & Romer, K. (2003). Wireless sensor networks: A new regime for time synchronization. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 33(1), 149–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Maroti, M., Kusy, B., Simon, G., & Lédeczi, A. (2004). The flooding time synchronization protocol, In Proceedings of the 2004 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2004:39–49.

  10. Schenato, L., & Fiorentin, F. (2011). Average TimeSynch. A consensus-based protocol for clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks. Automatica, 47(9), 1878–1886.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. He, J., Cheng, P., Shi, L., Chen, J., & Sun, Y. (2014). Time synchronization in WSNs: A maximum-value-based consensus approach. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 59(3), 660–675.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Noh, K. L., Chaudhari, Q. M., Serpedin, E., & Suter, B. W. (2007). Novel clock phase offset and skew estimation using two-way timing message exchanges for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 55(4), 766–777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yoon, S., Veerarittiphan, C., & Tiny-sync, S. M. L. (2007). Tight time synchronization for wirless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 3(2), 8–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gong, F., & Sichitiu, M. L. (2017). Temperature Compensated Kalman Distributed Clock Synchronization. Ad Hoc Networks, 62(2), 88–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is funded by Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under Grant 2020MS06021, and Talent Development Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer and Information Management, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot, 010070, China

    Xin Wang & Zengping Zhang

  2. College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China

    Deerkun Yi

Authors
  1. Xin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Deerkun Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zengping Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xin Wang.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, X., Yi, D. & Zhang, Z. Discovery of Random Delay Distribution Based on Complex WSNs Clock Synchronization. Wireless Pers Commun 119, 2487–2500 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08340-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08340-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation