Abstract
This article presents the design of enhanced two-section microstrip-slot branch-line coupler (BLC) with tight coupling of 3-dB over frequency of 2–5 GHz. Initial design is based on a common two-section microstrip BLC. To enhance the bandwidth performance, an overlapped λ/4 open circuited line is adopted to each port. Furthermore, each of BLC branch is formed by a microstrip-slot line. Shunt branches of the designed BLC are bended to reduce its size, where 31 % size reduction has been achieved. The effect of proposed techniques and the performance of the designs are observed and compared. The designs and analysis are performed with the use of full-wave electromagnetic simulation software package, CST Microwave Studio. The proposed BLC is fabricated, and its wideband performance is verified.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gohil, A., Modi, H., & Patel, S. K. (2013). 5G technology of mobile communication: A survey. International conference on intelligent systems and signal processing, pp. 228–292.
Hayashi, H., Hitko, D. A., & Sodini, C. G. (2002). Four-element planar Butler matrix using half-wavelength open stubs. IEEE Microwave Wireless Component Letter, 12, 73–75.
Butler, J., & Lowe, R. (1961). Beam-forming matrix simplifies design of electronically scanned antennas. Electronic Design, 9(8), 170–173.
Rahim, S. K. A., Muhammad, N. A., & Rahman, T. A. (2010). Beamforming networks using reduced size and cascaded Butler matrices. European conference antennas and propagation, pp. 1–4.
Mohamed Ghazali, S. N. A., Seman, N., Rahim, M. K. A., Rahim, S. K. A., & Yusof, K. H. (2013). Design of wideband rectangular-shaped shaped coupler with virtual short stubs for wireless communication applications. Wireless Personal Communication, 73(3), 1331–1342.
Lin, C. T., Liao, C. L., & Chen, C. H. (2001). Finite-ground coplanar-waveguide branch-line couplers. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 11(3), 127–129.
Kumar, S., Tannous, C., & Danshin, T. (1995). A multisection broadband impedance transforming branch-line hybrid. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 43(11), 2517–2523.
Arriola, W. A., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, I. S. (2011). Wideband 3 dB branch line coupler based on λ/4 open circuited coupled lines. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 21(9), 486–488.
Yusof, K. H., Seman, N., & Jamaluddin, M. H. (2015). Design of U-shaped in-phase power divider employing ground-slotted technique for wideband applications. Wireless Personal Communications, 81(1), 359–371.
Moyra, T., Roy, A., Parui, S. K., & Das, S. (2012). Design of 10 dB branch line coupler by using DGS. International conference on communications, devices and intelligent system, pp. 516–519.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for the financial aids via Research University Grant with Vote Number of 05H43 and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) with Vote Number of 4F206.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shukor, N.A.M., Seman, N. Enhanced Design of Two-Section Microstrip-Slot Branch Line Coupler with the Overlapped λ/4 Open Circuited Lines at Ports. Wireless Pers Commun 88, 467–478 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-3138-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-3138-z