Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Interference Studies Between Adjacent Satellite Communications Systems operating Above 10 GHz and Using Power Control as Fade Mitigation Technique

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Interference problems are arising from the spectral coexistence between satellite communication networks that operate at frequencies above 10 GHz and particularly when they employ power control as fade mitigation technique. This situation is aggravated due to tropospheric propagation phenomena. In this frequency range, rain attenuation is considered to be the dominant tropospheric fading mechanism. The conditional acceptable intersystem interference probability of the Carrier-to-Interference Ratio of a satellite terminal interfered by an adjacent satellite network is defined as a figure of merit and analytically calculated taking into account a physical-mathematical model for the rainfall medium. The correlated propagation fading phenomena over multiple slant paths are accurately incorporated. The proposed model is flexible and can be applied on a global scale since it incorporates the local climatic conditions concerning the point rainfall rate and the spatial rainfall inhomogeneity. Useful numerical results of the proposed model are obtained and the impact of various crucial operational and geometrical parameters of satellite networks’ coexistence is examined. The numerical results have been also verified through simulations using a multi-dimensional rain attenuation synthesizer. Finally, simple and easy-calculated formulas for the satellite communication designers for back of the envelope computations are given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\(\varphi _1\) :

Elevation angle of the slant path pointing towards satellite \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{1}\)

\(\varphi _2\) :

Elevation angle of the slant path pointing towards satellite \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\)

\(\theta \) :

Differential angle between slant paths \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{1}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\) and \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\)

\(A_{C1}\) :

Rain attenuation of the wanted signal referring to Earth-space path \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{1}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\)

\(A_{C2}\) :

Rain attenuation of the wanted signal referring to Earth-space path \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{2}\)

\(A_I\) :

Rain attenuation of the wanted signal referring to Earth-space path \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\)

\(D\) :

Separation distance between Earth terminals \(\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\) and \(\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{2}\)

FM :

Rain Fade Margin concerning satellite path \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{1}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\) in dB

\(SPCL_{1,\max }\) :

Maximum value of satellite system \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{1}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\) power control scheme

\(SPCL_{2,0}\) :

Minimum threshold of satellite system \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{2}\) power control scheme

\(SPCL_{2,\max }\) :

Maximum value of satellite system \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{2}\) power control scheme

\(CIR\) :

Carrier-to-Interference ratio at the Earth station \(\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\)

\(\left( {CIR} \right) _{CS}\) :

Carrier-to-Interference ratio at the Earth station \(\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\), under clear sky conditions

\(\left( {CIR} \right) _{CS}^{*}\) :

Carrier-to-Interference ratio at the Earth station \(\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\), under clear sky conditions, for angular separation \(\uptheta =1^{\circ }\)

\({A}'_{Ci}\) (\(\hbox {i}=1,2\)):

Rain attenuations calculated for the projections of the slant paths \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{1}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\) and \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{2}\) respectively

\({A}'_I\) :

Rain attenuation calculated for the projection of the interfering slant path \(\mathbf{S}_\mathbf{2}\mathbf{E}_\mathbf{1}\)

\(A_{m_i} ,S_{a_i}\) (i \(=\) 1,2):

Lognormal statistical parameters of the distribution concerning \({A}'_{C_i}\) (i \(=\) 1,2)

\(A_{m_3} ,S_{a_3}\) :

Lognormal statistical parameters of the distribution concerning \({A}'_I \)

\(r\) :

Non exceedance level of the CIR (dB)

\(f_{u_1 u_2}\) :

Two-dimensional normal joint density function

\(\mu _{3/{1,2}} ,\sigma _{3/{1,2}}\) :

Statistical parameters expressed in terms of system and rainfall medium parameters

\(R_m ,S_r\) :

Lognormal statistical parameters of rainfall rate

\(a, b\) :

Specific rain attenuation parameters

References

  1. Panagopoulos, A. D., Arapoglou, P.-D. M., & Cottis, P. G. (2004). Satellite communications at Ku, Ka, and V bands: Propagation impairments and mitigation techniques. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 6(3), Third Quarter.

  2. Morello, A., & Mignone, V. (2006). DVB-S2: The second generation standard for satellite broad-band services. Proceedings of IEEE, 94(1), 210–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. ITU-R S. 466-6. (1992). Maximum permissible level of interference in a telephone channel of a geostationary-satellite network in the fixed-satellite service employing frequency modulation with frequency-division multiplex, caused by other networks of this service. Geneva.

  4. ITU-R S. 465–6. (2010). Reference radiation pattern of earth station antennas in the fixed-satellite service for use in coordination and interference assessment in the frequency range from 2 to 31 GHz. Geneva.

  5. Liolis, K., Schlueter, G. et al. (2013). Cognitive radio scenarios for satellite communications: The CoRaSat approach. In: Future Network & MobileSummit 2013 Conference Proceedings, (pp. 1–10).

  6. ITU-R P.1815-1. (2009). Differential rain attenuation. Geneva.

  7. Castanet, L., Bolea-Alamañac, A., & Bousquet, M. (2003, May) Interference and fade mitigation techniques for Ka and Q/V band satellite communication systems. In COST 272-280 International workshop on satellite communications from fade mitigation to service provision Noordwijk, The Netherlands.

  8. Sweeny, D. G., & Bostian, C. (1999). Implementing adaptive power control as a 30/20-GHz fade countermeasure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1, 40–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kanellopoulos, J. D., Panagopoulos, A. D., & Livieratos, S. N. (2000). A comparison of co-polar and co-channel satellite interference prediction models with experimental results at 11.6 GHz and 20 GHz. International Journal of Satellite Communications, 18, 107–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Panagopoulos, A. D., Livieratos, S. N., & Kanellopoulos, J. D. (Nov 2002). Interference analysis applied to a double site diversity Earth-space system: Rain height effects and simple regression-derived formulas. Radio Science, 37(6) 151–159.

  11. ITU-R, P.619-1. (1992). Propagation data required for the evaluation of interference between stations in space and those on the surface of the Earth. Geneva.

  12. Karagiannis, G., Panagopoulos, A. D., & Kanellopoulos, J. D. (2012, November). Multidimensional rain attenuation stochastic dynamic modeling: Application to earth-space diversity systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(11).

  13. Papoulis, A., & Pillai, S. U. (2002). Probability, random variables and stochastic processes (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Luglio, M., Mancini, R., Riva, C., Paraboni, A., & Barbaliscia, F. (2002). Large scale site diversity for Satellite Communication Networks. International Journal of Satellite Communications, 20, 251–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Levenberg, Kenneth. (1944). A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares. The Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 2, 164–168.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Marquardt, Donald. (1963). An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 11(2), 431–441.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund—ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)—Research Funding Program: THALES. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polyechneiou 9, 15780 , Zografou-Athens, Greece

    Athanasios D. Panagopoulos, Theodor D. Kritikos & John D. Kanellopoulos

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), N. Heraklion Attikis, 14121 , Athens, Greece

    Spiros N. Livieratos

Authors
  1. Athanasios D. Panagopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Theodor D. Kritikos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Spiros N. Livieratos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John D. Kanellopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Athanasios D. Panagopoulos.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Panagopoulos, A.D., Kritikos, T.D., Livieratos, S.N. et al. Interference Studies Between Adjacent Satellite Communications Systems operating Above 10 GHz and Using Power Control as Fade Mitigation Technique. Wireless Pers Commun 77, 1311–1327 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1582-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1582-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation