Skip to main content
Log in

A Differential Game Model of Automatic Load Balancing in LTE Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, load balancing problem is investigated and a new game theory automatic load balancing scheme in LTE networks is proposed based on non-cooperative differential game. Optimal load allocated to each cell is formulated as a Nash Equilibrium in this paper. It is proved that the non-cooperative differential game algorithm is applicable and the optimal load solution can be achieved. Simulation results show that system capacity is increased and load unbalancing caused inappropriate load allocation is decreased.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. NGMN use cases related to self organizing network, overall description, May 2007.

  2. Self-Organizing Networks (SON). (2008). 3GPP long term evolution, Sujuan Feng, Eiko Seidel, Nomor Research GmbH, Munich, Germany, May 2008.

  3. The Benefits of SON in LTE, 3G Americas, December 2009.

  4. 3GPP TS 32.500 V11.00. 3rd (2011-06). Self-Organizing Networks (SON) Concepts and Requirements (Release 11).

  5. 3GPP TR 36.902 V9.3.1. (2011-03). Self-configuring and self-optimizing network use cases and solutions.

  6. Awada A., Viering I., Wegmann B., Klein A. (2011) Application of game theory for load balancing in long term evolution networks. Frequenz 64(9–10): 180–184. doi:10.1515/FREQ.2010.64.9-10.180

    Google Scholar 

  7. The SOCRATES Project, EB/OL. http://www.fp7-socrates.eu.2009.

  8. Zhang, H., Qiu, X.-S., Meng, L.-M., & Zhang, X.-D. (2010). Achieving distributed load balancing in self-organizing LTE radio access network with autonomic network management. In GLOBECOM workshops (GC Wkshps), 2010 IEEE, pp. 454–459, 6–10 December 2010.

  9. Dixit A. K. (1979) Model of duopoly suggesting a theory of entry barriers. The Bell Journal of Economics 10: 20–32

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Yeung D. W. K. (2007) Dynamically consistent cooperative solution in a differential game of transboundary industrial pollution. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 134(1): 143–160

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. 3GPP Tdoc R3-070562. (2007). Self-optimization use case: Self-tuning of handover parameters 27–30 March, 2007.

  12. 3GPP Tdoc R3-072249. (2007). Load balancing use case involving cell reselection and handover parameters self optimization. 05–10 November 2007.

  13. Muñoz, P. Barco, R., de la Bandera, I., Toril, M., & Luna-Ramirez, S. (2011). Optimization of a fuzzy logic controller for handover-based load balancing. In Vehicular technology conference (VTC Spring), 2011 IEEE 73rd, pp. 1–5, 15–18 May 2011.

  14. Zhang, H., Qiu, X., Meng, L., & Zhang, X. (2010). Design of distributed and autonomic load balancing for self-organization LTE. In Vehicular technology conference fall (VTC 2010-Fall), 2010 IEEE 72nd, pp. 1–5, 6–9 September 2010.

  15. Viering, I., Dottling, M., & Lobinger, A. (2009). A mathematical perspective of self-optimizing wireless networks. In IEEE international conference on communications, 2009. ICC ’09, pp. 1–6, 14–18 June 2009.

  16. Awada, A., Wegmann, B., Viering, I., & Klein, A. (2010). A game-theoretic approach to load balancing in cellular radio networks. In 21st IEEE international symposium on personal indoor and mobile radio communications (PIMRC), 2010, pp. 1184–1189, 26–30 September 2010.

  17. He, H., Wen, X., Zheng, W., Sun, Y., & Wang, B. (2010). Game theory based load balancing in self-optimizing wireless networks. In The 2nd international conference on Computer and automation engineering (ICCAE), 2010, Vol. 4, pp. 415–418, 26–28 February 2010.

  18. 3GPP TS 32.521 V10.1.0. (2010–2012). Self-organizing networks (SON) policy network resource model (NRM) integration reference point (IRP), requirements (2010–2012).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haitao Xu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Xu, H., Zhou, X. & Chen, Y. A Differential Game Model of Automatic Load Balancing in LTE Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 71, 165–180 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0809-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0809-x

Keywords

Navigation