Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seamless handover support over heterogeneous networks using FMIPv6 with definitive L2 triggers

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Various wireless communication systems have been developed and will be integrated into an IP-based network to offer end users the Internet access anytime and anywhere. In heterogeneous multi-access networks, one of main issues is to manage nodes’ mobility with session continuity and minimal handover latency. In order to support the mobility of mobile nodes, MIPv6 has been proposed by IETF. Even though MIPv6 provides a solution to handling nodes’ mobility in IPv6 networks, there is a significant problem due to its inability to support a seamless handover caused by long latency and high packet losses during a handover. FMIPv6 has been proposed to reduce MIPv6 handover latency by using an address pre- configuration method with the aid of L2 triggers. Current research defines a general L2 trigger model for seamless handover operation, but it does not address the exact timing and definitive criteria of L2 triggers which causes a significant effect on the handover performance of FMIPv6. This paper considers the available timing and accurate criteria of L2 triggers. With the definitive L2 triggers, we present a practical handover scenario to integrate L2 and L3 layers for low handover latency and low number of packet losses during a handover. We also study the impact of definitive L2 triggers on the handover performance of the FMIPv6 protocol in real testbeds and prove that the FMIPv6 protocol performs its handover operation prior to the L2 handover and obtains a seamless handover.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blondia C., Casals O., Cerda L.L., Wijngaert N.V.D., Willems G. (2004). Performance evaluation of layer 3 low latency handoff mechanisms. ACM Mobile Networks and Applications 9(6): 633–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabellos-Aparicio A., Nunez-Martinez J., Julian- Bertomeu H., Jakab L., Serral-Gracia R., Domingo-Pascual J. (2005). Evaluation of the fast handover implementation for mobile IPv6 in a real testbed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3751: 181–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caceres, R., & Iftode, L. (1995). Improving the performance of reliable transport protocols in mobile computing environments. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(5).

  • Cleyn P.D., Wijngaert N.V.D., Cerda L., Blondia C. (2004). A smooth handoff scheme using IEEE 802.11 triggers-design and implementation. Computer Networks 45(3) 345–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimopoulou, Leoleis G., Venieris L.S. (2005). Fast handover support in a WLAN environment: Challenges and perspectives. IEEE Network 19(3): 14–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C., & Carney, M. (2003). Dynamic host configuration protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6). In Proceedings of IETF, RFC 3315.

  • Duong, H., Dadej, A., & Gorden, S. (2005). Proactive context transfer and forced handover in IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN based access networks. In Proceedings of ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review.

  • Gupta, V., & Johnson, D. (2004). IEEE 802.21, a generalized model for link layer triggers. In Proceedings of IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group Retrieved form http://www.ieee802.org/handoff/march04_meeting_docs/Generalized_triggers-02.pdf.

  • Host AP driver for Intersil Prism Cards. Retrieved from http://hostap.epitest.fi/.

  • IEEE 802.11. (1999). Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications. Standard, IEEE.

  • Intersil (2001). HFA3863: Direct sequence spread spectrum baseband processor with rake receiver and equalizer.

  • Intersil (2001). ISL3873A: Wireless LAN integrated medium access controller with baseband processor.

  • Johnson, D., Perkins, C., & Arkko, J. (2004). Mobility Support in IPv6. In Proceedings of IETF, RFC 3775.

  • Kempf, J., Wood, J., & Fu, G. (2003). Fast Mobile IPv6 Handover Packet Loss Performance. In Proceedings of WCNC.

  • Kim, Y.-S., Kwon, D.-H., Bae, K.-J., & Suh, Y.-J. (2005). Performance comparison of mobile IPv6 and fast handovers for mobile IPv6 over wireless LANs. In Proceedings of VTC.

  • Koodli, R. (2005). Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. In Proceedings of IETF, RFC 4068.

  • Kwon, D.-H., Kim, Y.-S., Bae, K.-J., & Suh, Y.-J. (2005). Access router information protocol with FMIPv6 for efficient handovers and their implementations. In Proceedings of GLOBECOM.

  • Liebsch, M., Singh, A., Chaskar, H., Funato, D., & Shim, E. (2005). Candidate access router discovery (CARD). In Proceedings of IETF, RFC 4066.

  • McCann P. (2005). Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers for 802.11 Networks. In Proceedings of IETF, RFC 4260.

  • Montavont N., Noël T. (2002). Handover management for mobile nodes in IPv6 networks. IEEE Communication Magazine 40(8): 44–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montavont N., Noël T. (2003). Analysis and evaluation of mobile IPv6 handovers over Wireless LAN. ACM Mobile Networks and Applications 8(6): 643–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Costa, X., Torrent-Moreno, M., & Hartenstein, H. (2003). A performance comparison of mobile IPv6, Hierarchical mobile IPv6, fast handovers for mobile IPv6 and their combination. In Proceeding of ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review.

  • Sharma S., Zhu N., Chiueh T. (2004). Low-latency mobile IP handoff for infrastructure-mode wireless LANs. IEEE Journal on Selected Area in Communications 22(4): 643–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shibui, R., Gogo, K., Mitsuya, K., Mitani, K., & Teraoka, F. (2005). Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover. In Proceedings of Internet Draft, IETF.

  • Stevens, W. R. (1994). TCP/IP Illustrated, Vol. 1: The Protocols. Woking haun, K: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.

  • Thomson, S. & Narten, T. (1998). IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration. In Proceedings of IETF, RFC 2462.

  • Torrent-Moreno, M., Perez-Costa, X., & Sallent-Ribes, S. (2003). A Performance study of fast handovers for mobile IPv6. In Proceedings of LCN.

  • Tuominen, A. J., Petander, H. et al. (2006). MIPL mobile IPv6 for linux in HUT laboratory, http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/.

  • Yokota, H., Idoue, A., Hasegawa, T., & Katao, T. (2002). Link layer assisted Mobile IP fast handover method over wireless LAN networks. In Proceedings of MOBICOM.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea

    Yong-Sung Kim, Dong-Hee Kwon & Young-Joo Suh

Authors
  1. Yong-Sung Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dong-Hee Kwon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Young-Joo Suh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yong-Sung Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, YS., Kwon, DH. & Suh, YJ. Seamless handover support over heterogeneous networks using FMIPv6 with definitive L2 triggers. Wireless Pers Commun 43, 919–932 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9265-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9265-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation