Skip to main content
Log in

Improved mutimodulus blind equalization algorithm for multi-level QAM signals with impulsive noise

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To solve the significant performance degradation in the blind equalization for multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, an improved multimodulus algorithm based on the real part (or the imaginary part) of the transmitted signals is developed in this paper. Theoretical analysis illustrates that the proposed algorithm can roughly half the computational complexity and fundamentally suppress the well-known steady-state maladjustment of classical constant modulus algorithm and multimodulus algorithm. Moreover, the large maladjustment in the iteration process can be completely removed, thus the proposed algorithm can work well in impulsive noise environment. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm under both Gaussian and impulsive noise environments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu, M., Liu, C., Chen, Y., Yan, Z., & Zhao, N. (2022). Radio frequency fingerprint collaborative intelligent blind identification for green radios. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2022.3185045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu, M., Zhang, H., Liu, Z., & Zhao, N. (2022). Attacking spectrum sensing with adversarial deep learning in cognitive radio-enabled internet of things. IEEE Transactions on Reliability. https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.2022.3179491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu, M., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Ge, J., & Zhao, N. (2023). Adversarial attack and defense on deep learning for air transportation communication jamming. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2023.3262347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang, J., Liu, M., Zhao, N., Chen, Y., Yang, Q., & Ding, Z. (2022). Spectrum and energy efficient multi-antenna spectrum sensing for green UAV communication. Digital Communications and Networks. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.09.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, S. (2003). Low complexity concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft directed scheme for blind equalization. IEE Proceedings-Vision, Image, and Signal Processing., 150(5), 312–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fernandes, M. (2015). Linear programming applied to blind signal equalization. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 69, 408–417.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Yang, J., Werner, J., & Dumont, G. (2002). The multimodulus blind equalization and its generalized algorithms. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 20(5), 997–1015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Pawar, V., Pawar, R., & Naik, K. (2018). Blind time-domain equalizer for doubly-selective channel with reduced time averaging and computational complexity. AEU-Int J Electron Commun, 94, 187–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yuan, J., & Lin, T. (2010). Equalization and carrier phase recovery of CMA and MMA in blind adaptive receivers. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 58(6), 3206–3217.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Abrar, S., & Nandi, A. (2010). Blind equalization of square-QAM signals: A multimodulus approach. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 58(6), 1674–1685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Szczecinski, L., & Gei, A. (2002). Blind decision feedback equalisers, how to avoid degenerated solutions. Signal Processing, 82(11), 1675–1693.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Li, J., Feng, D., & Li, B. (2018). A robust adaptive weighted constant modulus algorithm for blind equalization of wireless communications systems under impulsive noise environment. AEU-Int J Electron Commun., 83, 150–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Xie, N., Hu, H., & Wang, H. (2012). A new hybrid blind equalization algorithm with steady-state performance analysis. Digital Signal Process., 22(2), 233–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lin, D., Hu, S., Wu, W., & Wu, G. (2023). Few-shot RF fingerprinting recognition for secure satellite remote sensing and image processing. Science China Information Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3672-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang, Z., Li, D., Zhao, N., Wu, Z., Li, Y., & Niyato, D. (2022). Secure precoding optimization for NOMA-aided integrated sensing and communication. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 70(12), 8370–8382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lu, W., Mo, Y., Feng, Y., Gao, Y., Zhao, N., Wu, Y., & Nallanathan, A. (2022). Secure transmission for multi -UAV-assisted mobile edge computing based on reinforcement learning. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSE.2022.3185130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Tsakalides, P., & Nikias, C. (1995). Maximum likelihood localization of sources in noise modeled as a stable process. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 43(11), 2700–2713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Stojanovic, M., & Preisig, J. (2009). Underwater acoustic communication channels: Propagation modelsand statistical characterization. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(1), 84–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Shah, S., Samar, R., & Naqvi, S. (2014). Fractional order constant modulus blind algorithms with application to channel equalization. Electronics Letters., 50(23), 1702–1704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Li, J., Lu, J., & Zhao, J. (2010). A robust constant modulus algorithm in alpha-stable noise environments. In IEEE 10th International conference on signal processing proceedings (pp. 1589-1592). IEEE.

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61971429.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

XZ: methodology, writing-original draft, software, validation. YL: conceptualization, writing-review & editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xianhong Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests of personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, X., Li, Y. Improved mutimodulus blind equalization algorithm for multi-level QAM signals with impulsive noise. Wireless Netw (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03398-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03398-2

Keywords

Navigation