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PANDA: A novel mechanism for flooding based route discovery in ad hoc networks

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Abstract

Flooding technique is often used for route discovery in on-demand routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing. In this paper we present a Positional Attribute based Next-hop Determination Approach (PANDA) to improve the performance of flooding-based route discovery in MANETs using positional attributes of the nodes. These attributes may be geographical, power-aware, or based on any other quality of service (QoS) measure. We identify the “next-hop racing” phenomena due to the random rebroadcast delay (RRD) approach during the route discovery process in DSR and AODV, and show how the PANDA approach can resolve this problem. We assume that each node knows its positional attributes, and an intermediate node can learn the positional attributes of its previous-hop node via the received route-request message. Based on the attributes such as the relative distance, estimated link lifetime, transmission power consumption, residual battery capacity, an intermediate node will identify itself as good or bad candidate for the next-hop node and use different rebroadcast delay accordingly. By allowing good candidates to always go first, our approach will lead to the discovery of better end-to-end routes in terms of the desired quality of service metrics. Through simulations we evaluate the performance of PANDA using path optimality, end-to-end delay, delivery ratio, transmission power consumption, and network lifetime. Simulation results show that PANDA can: (a) improve path optimality, and end-to-end delay, (b) help find data paths with only 15%–40% energy consumption compared to the RRD approach at a moderate cost of increased routing messages, (c) balance individual node’s battery power utilization and hence prolong the entire network’s lifetime.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Jian Li & Prasant Mohapatra

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  1. Jian Li
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  2. Prasant Mohapatra
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Correspondence to Jian Li.

Additional information

Jian Li is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Davis. His research interests include wireless networking and mobile computing. Li received an MS in computer science from UC Davis in 2002, an M.Eng. in intelligent system and a B.Eng. in automatic control, both from Tsinghua University, Beijing,China, in 2000 and 1997, respectively.

Dr. Prasant Mohapatra is currently a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Davis. He has also held various positions at Iowa State University, Michigan State University, Intel Corporation, Panasonic Technologies, Institute of Infocomm Research, Singapore, and the National ICT, Australia. Dr. Mohapatra received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering from the Pennsylvania State University in 1993. He was/is on the editorial boards of the IEEE Transactions on Computers, ACM/Springer WINET, and Ad hoc Networks Journal. He has served on numerous technical program committees for international conferences, and served on several panels. He was the Program Vice-Chair of INFOCOM 2004, and the Program Co-Chair of the First IEEE International Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON-2004). Dr. Mohapatra’s research interests are in the areas of wireless networks, sensor networks, Internet protocols and QoS.

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Li, J., Mohapatra, P. PANDA: A novel mechanism for flooding based route discovery in ad hoc networks. Wireless Netw 12, 771–787 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-006-1324-3

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