Abstract
The aim of the current research was to improve violacein production with Janthinobacterium lividum using abiotic stresses and bacterial adaptation against stress. Initially, the effect of carbon sources and the medium volume: air ratio on violacein production was assessed. Then, the production of violacein under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ampicillin (Amp) stresses and acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) was evaluated. In the next step, J. lividum was adapted against increased concentrations of Amp. Finally, the production of violacein was analyzed in adapted bacterium cultivated in the presence of optimal amounts of H2O2, Amp, and AHL. The alterations in the expression of some of genes involved in violacein production was evaluated using Real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The highest amount of violacein was achieved using medium volume: air ratio of 10% v/v (in 100 ml flasks) and glycerol as carbon source. Also, H2O2 (103 mg/l) and Amp (130 mg/l) stresses increased the production of violacein significantly compared to normal conditions (57 mg/l) and violacein production in the presence of crude AHL increased from 56 mg/l to 210 mg/l. The production of violacein with adapted bacterium under the above-mentioned stresses and AHL was about 1.3 g/l. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of the AHL encoding gene (luxI) was repressed in the presence of stresses and glycerol. Also, the expression of vioA increased in the presence of Amp but H2O2 had no significant effect on vioA expression. Totally, we showed that microbial adaptation and abiotic stresses are cost-effective methods to generate significant improvement in violacein production.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the University of Isfahan for the financial support given to a Ph.D. student for a training period in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, University of Isfahan.
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N.B., Conceived of or designed study, performed research, analyzed data, contributed new methods or models, Wrote the paper; A.H.-A., Conceived of or designed study, analyzed data, Contributed new methods or models.
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Bagoghli, N., Hosseini-Abari, A. Improvement of violacein production using abiotic stresses and microbial adaptation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 149 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03966-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03966-4