Abstract
The waterbodies have been polluted by various natural and anthropogenic activities. The aquatic waste includes ammonia as one of the most toxic pollutants. Several biological treatment systems involving anoxic and semi anoxic bacteria have been proposed for reducing nitrogen loads from wastewater and increasing the efficiency and cost effectiveness. These bacteria play a vital role in the processes involved in the nitrogen cycle in nature. However, the enrichment, sustainability and identification of bacterial communities for wastewater treatment is an important aspect. Most of the chemolithotrophs are unculturable hence their identification and measurement of abundance remains a challenging task. In this study the different bacteria involved in total nitrogen removal from the wastewater are enriched for 700 days under anoxic condition. The synthetic wastewater containing 0.382 g/L of ammonium chloride was used. Molecular identification of the bacteria involved in various steps of the nitrogen cycle was carried out based on amplification of functional genes and 16S rRNA gene Polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing. Change in the abundance of chemolithotrophs was studied using qPCR. The mutual growth of various nitrifiers along with anaerobic bacteria were identified by molecular characterisation of DNA at various time intervals with the different genes involved in the nitrogen cycle. Nitrosomonas species like Nitrosomonas europaea were identified throughout the batch scale studies possessing the genes associated with ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria which act as a complete ammonia oxidizer. The uncultured species of Nitrospira and anammox bacteria were also observed which predicts the coexistence of the anammox and comammox bacteria in a batch scale study. The coexistence of the semi anoxic and anoxic bacteria helped in the growth of these bacteria for a longer duration of time. The nitrite produced by the comammox during nitrification can be utilized by anammox as an electron carrier. The other species of denitrifiers like Pseudomonas denitrificans and Aminobacter aminovorans were also observed. It is concluded that the enrichment of semi anoxic and anoxic bacteria was faster with the increase in growth of the bacteria involved in nitrification, comammox, anammox and partial denitrification process. The bacterial growth is enhanced and the efficiency is increased which can be further used in the development of small pilot scale bioreactor for total nitrogen removal.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Management, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (India), for providing the facilities and financial support to one of the authors, Manasa R L. This research was supported by seed grant of Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT/SG/2020-21/44). The authors are also thankful to BIRAC-BIONEST lab, Technology Business Incubator, Vellore Institute of Technology for providing the facilities UV illuminator for gel documentation. The authors are also thankful to Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR) CMC Bagayam, Vellore (India) for helping with DNA sequencing.
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This work was supported by Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (India) by providing the seed grant (VIT/SG/2020–21/44).
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Manasa, R.L., Mehta, A. Study of bacterial population dynamics in seed culture developed for ammonia reduction from synthetic wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 75 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03858-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03858-z