Abstract
The use of probiotics in aquaculture is widely recognized as an ecological and cost-effective approach to raising healthy, pathogen-tolerant aquatic animals, including fish and shrimp. In particular for shrimp, probiotics are viewed as a promising countermeasure to the recent severe damage to the shrimp industry by bacterial and viral pathogens. Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are Gram-negative, non-pathogenic bacteria with wide application potential in agriculture, wastewater treatment, and bioenergy/biomaterials production. In aquaculture, lactic bacteria and Bacillus are the major probiotic bacteria used, but PNSB, like Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodobacter, are also used. In this review, we summarize the previous work on the use of PNSB in aquaculture, overview the previous studies on the stimulation of innate immunity of shrimp by various probiotic microorganisms, and also share our results in the probiotic performance of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum KKMI01, a marine PNSB, which showed a superior effect in promotion of growth and stimulation of immunity in shrimp at a quite low concentration of 1 × 103 cfu (colony forming unit)/ml in rearing water.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Mr. Heiji Nakano of the Kumamoto Prefectural Fisheries Research Center, Mr. Futoshi Miyagawa and Mr. Takamitsu Miyagawa of Ebi-no-Miyagawa Co. Ltd., Mr. Ken-ichi Ozaki and Mr. Yusaku Tani of Takusui Co. Ltd., Mr. Koichi Keida and Mr.Tatsuo Fukuzaki of KSF Minaminihon Co., Ltd, Dr. Satoshi Tanaka and Dr. Hiroshi Okuhata of The Kansai Electric Power Co. Ltd., Mr. Naoki Yamada of Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co. Ltd., Ms. Midori Goto of Ciamo Co. Ltd., and Professor Shinjiro Yamamoto and Dr. Shuhei Hayashi of Sojo University for their helpful suggestions to prepare this review article. We would like to thank Sakura Medaka Shop (Kobe, Japan) for permission to use the photograph of mass cultivation of PNSB for medaka fish.
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HM wrote the main manuscript text and prepared Table 2. AK wrote a part of the main manuscript text and prepared figures 1-4. TM prepared Table 2. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Miyasaka, H., koga, A. & Maki, Ta. Recent progress in the use of purple non-sulfur bacteria as probiotics in aquaculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 145 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03592-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03592-6