Abstract
Conventional textile effluent treatments cannot remove methylene blue, a mutagenic azo dye, and an endocrine disruptor, that remains in the drinking water after conventional water treatment. However, the spent substrate from Lentinus crinitus mushroom cultivation, a waste, could be an attractive alternative to remove persistent azo dyes in water. The objective of this study was to assess the methylene blue biosorption by spent substrate from L. crinitus mushroom cultivation. The spent substrate obtained after mushroom cultivation had been characterized by the point of zero charge, functional groups, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the spent substrate biosorption capacity was determined in function of pH, time, and temperature. The spent substrate had a point of zero charge value of 4.3 and biosorbed 99% of methylene blue in pH from 3 to 9, with the highest biosorption in the kinetic assay of 15.92 mg g− 1, and in the isothermal assay of 120.31 mg g− 1. Biosorption reached equilibrium at 40 min after mixing and best fitted the pseudo-second-order model. Freundlich model best fitted the isothermal parameters and each 100 g spent substrate biosorbed 12 g dye in an aqueous solution. The spent substrate of L. crinitus cultivation is an effective biosorbent of methylene blue and an alternative to removing this dye from water, adding value to the mushroom production chain, and supporting the circular economy.
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The authors thank Paranaense University, Fundação Araucária, Federal University of Bahia, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) -finance code 001-, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support and fellowship.
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NC, GL, JC, DC, and JF conceived the study. NC, GL, JC, DD, AG, DO, CR, JV, and JF developed the theory and verified the analytical methods. JF, JCN, EG, and MB obtained the results. NC, JC, AG, JV, DO, GL, CR, and DD interpreted the results in the discussion. JF, MB, JCN, and EG wrote the manuscript and JV, DO, GL, CR, JC, DD, and NC revised the entire manuscript. The final manuscript version was discussed, rewritten, and approved by all authors before submitting it to the Journal.
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de Freitas, J.D.S., Delgado Bertéli, M., Neto, J.C. et al. Biosorption of methylene blue by residue from Lentinus crinitus mushroom cultivation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 110 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03562-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03562-y