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Pseudocitrobacter anthropi reduces heavy metal uptake and improves phytohormones and antioxidant system in Glycine max L.

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Abstract

Heavy metal contamination due to anthropogenic activities is a great threat to modern humanity. A novel and natural technique of bioremediation using microbes for detoxification of heavy metals while improving plants’ growth is the call of the day. In this study, exposing soybean plants to different concentrations (i.e., 10 and 50 ppm) of chromium and arsenic showed a severe reduction in agronomic attributes, higher reactive oxygen species production, and disruption in the antioxidant system. Contrarily, rhizobacterial isolate C18 inoculation not only rescued host growth, but also improved the production of nonenzymatic antioxidants (i.e., flavonoids, phenolic, and proline contents) and enzymatic antioxidants i.e., catalases, ascorbic acid oxidase, peroxidase activity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation in leaves. Thereby, lowering secondary oxidative stress and subsequent damage. The strain was identified using 16 S rDNA sequencing and was identified as Pseudocitrobacter anthropi. Additionally, the strain can endure metals up to 1200 ppm and efficient in detoxifying the effect of chromium and arsenic by regulating phytohormones (IAA 59.02 µg/mL and GA 101.88 nM/mL) and solubilizing inorganic phosphates, making them excellent phytostimulant, biofertilizers, and heavy metal bio-remediating agent.

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All the data generated, and material used during the current study are available.

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Funding

Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and Abdul Wali Khan University jointly funded the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Husna, Anwar Hussain, Mohib Shah, Muhammad Hamayun, Waheed Murad, Muhammad Irshad & Muhammad Qadir

  2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Amjad Iqbal

  3. Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangwon, Korea

    Ho-Youn Kim

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  1. Husna
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  2. Anwar Hussain
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Contributions

Husna performed the experimental work, AH and MS supervised the study, AH designed the project, MH and WM facilitated the study by discussing and giving valuable suggestions for the refinement of the study. AI finalized the MS, MI and HYK performed the statistical analysis, and MQ help in methodology.

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Correspondence to Anwar Hussain or Ho-Youn Kim.

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Husna, Hussain, A., Shah, M. et al. Pseudocitrobacter anthropi reduces heavy metal uptake and improves phytohormones and antioxidant system in Glycine max L.. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 37, 195 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03156-6

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