Abstract
Yeasts were isolated from three vineyards located in the South Region of Brazil. A cross evaluation was carried out at the oldest vineyard of the study in Pinheiro Preto. Samples of grape berries, grapevine leaves and the soil, along with samples of the winery equipment and effluent, were collected. In the Serra do Marari and Campos Novos vineyards only samples of grape clusters were obtained. The 106 yeast isolates were identified by sequencing the D1/D2 domain of LSU rDNA or ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region in 22 species. The values for the richness indices varied between the vineyards. A comparison of the taxonomic diversity of the yeasts from these regions using the reciprocal Simpson index showed a significant difference between the Serra do Marari and Campos Novos vineyards (5.72 ± 0.36 and 2.92 ± 0.36, respectively, p < 0.0001). The functional diversity was assessed in relation to the use of carbon and nitrogen sources by the yeasts isolated from each location. In general, we observed that the Pinheiro Preto and Campos Novos vineyards differed consistently from the Serra do Marari vineyard according to these indices (FAD2, FDc and Rao, p < 0.0001). The possible spreading of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the winery to the vineyard in Pinheiro Preto was observed.


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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to winery/vineyard owners for allowing us to collect the samples and financial support was provided by Epagri and Embrapa.
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11274_2017_2298_MOESM1_ESM.docx
Supplementary Table1—Species richness and taxonomic diversity estimates obtained with different indices (mean and standard deviation). Abbreviations used: ACE, Abundance-based coverage estimator; ICE, incidence-based coverage estimator, Jackknife 2, second-order Jackknife richness estimator, Bootstrap, Shannon and reciprocal of Simpson (DOCX 13 KB)
11274_2017_2298_MOESM2_ESM.docx
Supplementary Table 2—Functional diversity in vineyards located at altitudes of 678, 973 and 1053 m obtained with the assimilation of different sources of nitrogen (mean and standard deviation). Abbreviations used: FAD2, Functional attribute diversity; FDc, community based; Rao Entropy. Significant differences are indicated by different lower case letters, p<0.05 (DOCX 12 KB)
11274_2017_2298_MOESM3_ESM.docx
Supplementary Table 3—Functional diversity in vineyards located at altitudes of 678, 973 and 1053 m obtained with the assimilation of different sources of carbon (mean and standard deviation). Abbreviations used: FAD2, Functional attribute diversity; FDc, community based; Rao Entropy. Significant differences are indicated by different lower case letters, p<0.05 (DOCX 12 KB)
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Mendes, S.D.C., Ramírez-Castrillón, M., Feldberg, N.P. et al. Environmental yeast communities in vineyards in the mountains of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33, 128 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2298-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2298-2


