Abstract
A mutant of the yeast Candida guilliermondii ATCC 9058 exhibiting elevated citric acid production was isolated based upon its ability to overproduce lysine. This method involved the use of a solid medium containing a combination of lysine analogues to identify a mutant that produced a several-fold higher lysine level compared to its parent strain using glucose or glycerol as a carbon source. The mutant strain was also capable of producing more than a fivefold higher citric acid level on glycerol as a carbon source compared to its parent strain. It was concluded that the screening of yeast lysine hyperproducer strains could provide a rapid approach to isolate yeast citric acid hyperproducer strains.


Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Costa-Ferreira M, Duarte JC (1992) Amino acid accumulation by an analogue sensitive mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol Lett 14(11):1025–1028
Gancedo JM (1998) Yeast carbon catabolite repression. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62(2):334–361
Gancedo C, Gancedo JM, Sols A (1968) Glycerol metabolism in yeasts. Pathways of utilization and production. Eur J Biochem 5(2):165–172
Garvie EI (1974) Nomenclatural problems of the Pediococci. Request for an opinion. Int J Syst Bacteriol 24(2):301–306
Gary GS, Bhattacharjee JK (1976) Biosynthesis of lysine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: regulation of homocitrate synthase in analogue-resistant mutants. J Gen Microbiol 97(1):117–120
Gasent-Ramírez JM, Benítez T (1997) Lysine-overproducing mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker’s yeast isolated in continuous culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 63(12):4800–4806
Geiger MR, Gibbons WR, West TP (2014) A thermostable Candida molischiana mutant capable of ethanol production at elevated temperatures. J Pure Appl Microbiol 8(2):1743–1748
Gunji Y, Tsujimoto N, Shimaoka M, Ogawa-Miyata Y, Sugimoto A, Yasueda H (2004) Characterization of the l-lysine biosynthetic pathway in the obligate methylotroph Methylophilus methylotrophus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68(7):1449–1460
Gutierrez NA, McKay IA, French CE, Brooks JD, Maddox IS (1993) Repression of galactose utilization by glucose in the citrate-producing yeast Candida guilliermondii. J Ind Microbiol 11(3):143–146
Halsall D (1975) Overproduction of lysine by mutant strains of Escherichia coli with defective lysine transport system. Biochem Genet 13(1–2):109–124
Javaid MM, Haq I, Sohail MI, Bokhari SYI (2012) Mutagenesis induced hyperproduction of l-lysine in shake flask and fermenter by Brevibacterium flavum IIBUV2. Pak J Bot 44(SI1):347–353
Kamzolova SV, Fatykhova AR, Dedyukhina EG, Anastassiadis SG, Golovchenko NP, Morgunov IG (2011) Citric acid production by yeast grown on glycerol-containing waste from biodiesel industry. Food Technol Biotechnol 49(1):65–74
Kiss RD, Stephanopoulos G (1992) Metabolic characterization of a l-lysine producing strain by continuous culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 39(5):565–574
Lee Y-J, Choi Y-R, Lee S-Y, Park J-T, Shim J-H, Park K-W, Kim J-W (2011) Screening wild yeast strains for alcohol fermentation from various fruits. Mycobiology 39(1):33–39
Maldonado P, Gaillaridin C, Sylvestre G, Gliksmans G (1976) Method of preparing yeasts enriched in lysine and capable of excreting organic acids. U.S. Patent 3,986,933
Nadeem S, Ikram A, Rana SM, Yaqoob N, Qureshi MJ, Shakoori AR (2001) Enhanced l-lysine production by an Escherichia coli mutant WARN 30522 after MNNG treatment. Int J Agric Biol 3(4):448–450
Rincón AM, Benítez T (2001) Improved organoleptic and nutritive properties of bakery products supplemented with amino acid overproducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. J Food Agric Chem 49(4):1861–1866
Rymowicz W, Fatykhova AR, Kamzolova SV, Rywińska A, Morgunov IG (2010) Citric acid production from glycerol-containing waste of biodiesel industry by Yarrowia lipolytica in batch, repeated batch, and cell recycle regimes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87(3):971–979
Sands JE, Hankin L (1974) Selecting lysine-excreting mutants of Lactobacilli for use in food and feed enrichment. Appl Microbiol 28(3):523–524
Sang K, Shiio I (1970) Microbial production of l-lysine. III. Production by mutants resistant to S-(2-aminoethyl)-l-cysteine. J Gen Appl Microbiol 16(5):373–391
Satiawihardja B, Cail RG, Rogers PL (1993) Kinetic analysis of l-lysine production by a fluoropyruvate sensitive mutant of B. lactofermentum. Biotechnol Lett 15(6):577–582
Schmidt H, Bode R, Birnbaum D (1989) Regulation of lysine biosynthesis in Pichia guilliermondii. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 56(4):337–347
Shiio I (1974) Derivation of lysine- and threonine-producing mutants in connection with the regulatory mechanism for their biosynthesis in Brevibacterium flavum. J Ferment Technol 52(1):62–69
Sinha AK, Kurtz M, Bhattacharjee JK (1971) Effect of hydroxylysine on the biosynthesis of lysine in Saccharomyces. J Bacteriol 108(2):715–719
Soccol CR, Vandenberge PS, Rodriques C, Pandey A (2006) New perspectives for citric acid production and application. Food Technol Biotechnol 44(2):141–149
Steele BF, Sauberlich HE, Reynolds MS, Baumann CA (1949) Media for Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 and Leuconostoc citrovorum 8081. J Biol Chem 177(2):533–544
Tanner FW Jr, Voinovich C, Van Lanen JM (1945) Riboflavin production by Candida species. Science 101(2616):180–181
Tisnadjaja D, Gutierrez NA, Maddox IS (1996) Citric acid production in a bubble-column reactor using cells of the yeast Candida guilliermondii immobilized by adsorption onto sawdust. Enzyme Microb Technol 19(5):343–347
West TP (2013) Citric acid production by Candida species grown on a soy-based crude glycerol. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 43(6):601–611
West TP, Reed-Hamer B (1993) Polysaccharide production by a reduced pigmentation mutant of Aureobasidium pullulans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 113(3):345–349
Wu C, Reed-Hamer B, West TP (1995) Selection of lysine-excreting mutants from Aureobasidium pullulans. J Basic Microbiol 35(1):57–60
Xie G, West TP (2009) Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 from a treated ethanol fermentation coproduct using solid-state fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 48(5):639–644
Acknowledgments
Financial support of this work was provided by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Grant SD00H434-12.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
West, T.P. A Candida guilliermondii lysine hyperproducer capable of elevated citric acid production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32, 73 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2031-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2031-6