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16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity in the organic-rich sediments underlying oxygen-deficient waters of the eastern Arabian Sea

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Abstract

The eastern Arabian Sea has a unique and permanent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that extends along the western continental margin of India. The sediment below this region is rich in organic matter. This study describes the bacterial community structure and diversity in OMZ sediments of the eastern Arabian Sea (AS) through 16S rRNA clone library analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences demonstrated that phylum Proteobacteria (52%), followed by Planctomycetes (12.7%), Chloroflexi and an unidentified bacterial group (8.8% each) were represented in the library. Deltaproteobacteria was the dominant class (62.5%) in phylum Proteobacteria with clones falling in orders Syntrophobacterales and Desulfovibrionales. Few minor phylogenetic groups, corresponding to Spirochetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were found. Unidentified candidate groups falling in OP11, OP8 and OP3 were represented by 0.9, 2.9 and 3.9%, respectively and two clusters of the cloned sequences in this study showed very low identity to known sequences. This is the first report that discusses the phylogenetic groups in the OMZ sediments of eastern Arabian Sea individually and compares it with available data from marine hypoxic locales and water mass. LIBSHUFF statistics revealed high richness of the bacterial community of the Arabian Sea OMZ (AS-OMZ) compared to the other regions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. David Kirchman (University of Delaware, USA) for his invaluable suggestions and Dr. C. T. Achuthankutty, Consultant, National Centre for Antarctic Ocean Research (NCAOR), Goa for critically reading the manuscript. We thank Drs. Hemant J. Purohit and Atya Kapley (NEERI, CSIR, India) for their valuable suggestions in the construction of genomic libraries during the initial stages of this work. We are grateful to the captain and crew members of ORV Sagar Sampada for their help during the cruise. The financial support for the project “System Analyses of OMZ: A polyphasic approach” by the Central Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE), Kochi and laboratory facilities of Marine Microbial Reference Facility (COMAPS) of NIO RC, Kochi, funded by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi are acknowledged. We duly acknowledge the valuable scientific comments of the two anonymous reviewers which has considerably improved the quality of the revised manuscript. BD thanks Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for the award of Senior Research Fellowship. This is NIO contribution no. 4967.

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  1. Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR), Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India

    Baby Divya, P. A. Loka Bharathi & Shanta Nair

  2. Microbiology Laboratory, Regional Centre, National Institute of Oceanography, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India

    Ammini Parvathi

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Divya, B., Parvathi, A., Loka Bharathi, P.A. et al. 16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity in the organic-rich sediments underlying oxygen-deficient waters of the eastern Arabian Sea. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27, 2821–2833 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0760-0

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