Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biodegradation of chrysene by the bacterial strains isolated from oily sludge

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The biodegradation studies were conducted to test the ability of the bacterial strains (Chry2 and Chry3) isolated from the oily sludge obtained from Gujarat refinery, India, for utilization of chrysene in the liquid medium. Biodegradation of the compound was confirmed using gas chromatography and the percent degradation was calculated to be 15.0 and 17% by Chry2 and Chry3, respectively. The biodegradation results were supported by increase in viable cell count and dry biomass, in the presence of chrysene as the sole carbon source. Both the cultures produced biosurfactant which was indicated by the reduction in surface tension of the growth medium. Presence of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase gene in Chry3 indicated its potential for degradation of PAHs through meta cleavage degradation pathway. Both the strains were found to possess catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme activities. Based on morphological and biochemical tests, the cultures were tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. (Chry2) and Pseudomonas sp. (Chry3).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • APHA AWWA WEF (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 20th edn. APHA AWWA WEF, Washington

  • Banat IM, Makkar RS, Cameotra SS (2000) Potential commercial applications of microbial surfactant. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53:495–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartilson M, Shingler V (1989) Nucleotide sequence and expression of the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase-encoding gene of phenol-catabolizing Pseudomonas CF600. Gene 2185(1):233–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Hempenstal F et al (1999) Bis-cis-dihydrodiols: a new class of metabolites from biphenyl dioxygenase-catalyzed sequential asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation of polycyclic arenas and heteroarenes. J Org Chem 64:4005–4011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caldini G, Cenci G, Manenti R, Morozzi G (1995) The ability of an environmental isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens to utilize chrysene and other four-ring polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 44:225–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calvo C, Toledo FL, Lopez JG (2004) Surfactant activity of a naphthalene degradaing Bacillus pumilus strain isolated from oil sludge. J Bacteriol 109:255–262

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameotra SS, Bollag JM (2003) Biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 30:111–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cenci G, Caldini G, Boari L (1999) Dioxygenase activity and relative behaviour of Pseudomonas strains from soil in the presence of different aromatic compounds W. J Microbiol Biotechnol 15:41–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerniglia CE (1984) Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Adv Appl Microbiol 30:31–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerniglia CE (1993) Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodegradation 3:351–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper DG, Goldenberg BG (1987) Surface-active agents from two Bacillus species. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:224–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Deziel E, Paquette G, Villemur R, Lepine F, Bisaillon JG (1996) Biosurfactant production by a soil Pseudomonas strain growing on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:1908–1912

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey K, Juwarkar A (2000) Distillery and curd whey wastes as viable alternative sources for biosurfactant production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 17:61–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giedraityte G, Kalediene L, Bubinas A (2001) Correlation between biosurfactant synthesis and microbial degradation of crude oil hydrocarbons. Ekologija (Vilnius) Nr 3: 31:41

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadibarata T, Tachibana S, Itoh K (2009) Biodegradation of chrysene, an aromatic hydrocarbon by Polyporus sp. S133 in liquid medium. J Hazard Mater 164:911–917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinchee RE, Leeson A, Ong SK, Semprini L (1994) Bioremediation of chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. Lewis Publishers, London, pp 203-215

  • Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA et al (1994) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacques RJS, Santos EC, Bento FM et al (2005) Anthracene biodegradation by Pseudomonas sp. isolated from a petrochemical sludge landfarming site. Int Biodeter Biodegr 56:143–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen AR, Karlson U (2004) Evaluation of bacterial strategies to promote the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. App Microbiol Biotechnol 63:452–459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen AR, Wickb LY, Harms H (2005) Principles of microbial PAH-degradation in soil. Environ Pollut 133:71–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keith LH, Telliard WA (1979) Priority pollutants: I. A perspective view. Environ Sci Technol 13:416–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosaric N, Choi, HY, Blaszczyk R (1990) Biosurfactant production from Nocardia SFC-D. Tenside Surf Deterg 5:294–296

  • Mesarch MB, Nakatsu CH, Nies L (2000) Development of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase-specific primers for monitoring bioremediation by competitive quantitative PCR. Appl Environ Biotechnol 66(2):678–683

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer S, Moser R, Neef A, Stahl U, Kampfer P (1999) Differential detection of key enzymes of polyaromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria using PCR and gene probes. Microbiol 145:1731–1741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder H, Breure AM, Vanandel JG et al (1998) Influence of hydrodynamic conditions on naphthalene dissolution and subsequent biodegradation. Biotechnol Bioeng 57:145–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narde G, Kaply A, Puroit HJ (2004) Isolation and characterization of Citrobacter strain HPC 255 for broad range substrate specificity for chlorophenols. Current Microbiol 48:419–423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nwanna IEM, George GO, Olusoji IM (2006) Growth study on chrysene degraders isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soils in Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol 5(10):823–828

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okparanma RN, Ayotamuno JM, Araka PP (2009) Bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated-oil field drill-cuttings with bacterial isolates. Afr J Environ Sci Technol 3:131–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pallas NR, Pethica BA (1983) The surface tension of water. Colloids Surf 6:221–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purohit HJ, Kapley A, Moharikar AA, Narde G (2003) A novel approach for extraction of PCR-compatible DNA fromactivated sludge samples collected from different biological effluent treatment plants. J Microbiol Methods 52:315–323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman KSM, Banat JM, Thahira J, Thayumanavan T, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P (2002) Bioremediation of gasoline contaminated soil by a bacterial consortium amended with poultry litter, coir pith and rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Bioresource Technol 81:25–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman KSM, Thahira JR, Kourkoutas Y et al (2003) Enhanced bioremediation of n-alkane in petroleum sludge using bacterial consortium amended with rhamnolipid and micronutrients. Bioresource Technol 90:159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay MA, Swannel RPJ, Shipton WA, Duke NC, Hill RT (2000) Effect of bioremediation community in oiled mangrove sediments. Mar Pollut Bull 20:413–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinead M, Chadhain NY, Sean R et al (2006) Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 6:4078–4087

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MR (1990) The biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria. Biodegradation 1:191–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JR, Nakles DV, Sherman DF et al. (1989) Environmental fate mechanisms influencing biological degradation of coal-tar derived polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in soil systems. In: The Third International Conference on New Frontiers for Hazardous Waste Management. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, pp 397–405

  • Tam NFY, Guo CL et al (2002) Preliminary study on biodegradation of phenanthrene by bacteria isolated from mangrove sediments in Hong Kong. Mar Pollut Bull 45:316–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verma S, Bhargavaa R, Pruthib V (2006) Oily sludge degradation by bacteria from Ankleshwar, India. Int Biodeter Biodegr 57:207–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter U, Beyer M, Klein J, Rehm HJ (1991) Degradation of pyrene by Rhodococcus sp. UW1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 34:671–676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker JD, Colwell RR, Hamming MC, Ford HT (1975) Extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from oil-contaminated sediments. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 13:245–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong JWC, Fang M, Zhao Z, Xing B (2004) Effect of surfactants on solubilization and degradation of phenanthrene under thermophilic conditions. J Environ Qual 33:2015–2025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors want to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Hemant J. Purohit of Environment Genomic Unit, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, for providing primers for enzyme studies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India

    Monika Dhote, Asha Juwarkar, G. S. Kanade & Tapan Chakrabarti

  2. School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001, India

    Monika Dhote & Anil Kumar

Authors
  1. Monika Dhote
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Asha Juwarkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anil Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. S. Kanade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tapan Chakrabarti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asha Juwarkar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dhote, M., Juwarkar, A., Kumar, A. et al. Biodegradation of chrysene by the bacterial strains isolated from oily sludge. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 26, 329–335 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0180-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0180-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation