Abstract
The study showed that the genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) bioaugment successfully the dye wastewater biotreatment systems to enhance acid red GR (ARGR) removal. Escherichia coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was the GEM with higher azoreductase activity. The kinetics of the ARGR decolorization by the E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) agreed with Andrews model. The kinetic parameters, r dye,max, K s and K i , were found to be 42.45 mg g−1 h−1, 584.93 mg L−1 and 556.89 mg L−1, respectively. The E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was tested in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) in order to enhance the ARGR decolorization. The decolorization rate of ARGR was affected by the amount of E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) inoculation and the best amount of inoculation was 10%. The continuous operations of the four bioreactors with different E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) immobilization supports showed that the E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) could bioaugment decolorization in AnSBRs with suspended and immobilized on macroporous foam carriers. For 42 days continuous operation in the AnSBRs, both the tolerance to ARGR concentration shock and the decolorization rate in these two bioaugmented AnSBRs are higher than those of the other two systems, control system and bioaugmented AnSBRs system with the sodium-alginate immobilized cells, the decolorization rate reached 90%. Changes in microbial community were detected by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), which revealed that the introduced E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was persistent in the augmented systems and maintained higher metabolic activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GEM:
-
Genetically engineered microorganism
- RISA:
-
Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis
- ARDRA:
-
Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis
- ARGR:
-
Acid red GR
- SWM:
-
Synthetic wastewater medium
- AS:
-
Anaerobic sludge
- AnSBR:
-
Anaerobic sequencing batch reactors
- ASSC:
-
AS system with suspended cells
- ASSA:
-
AS system with the sodium-alginate immobilized cells
- ASMF:
-
AS system with immobilized cells on macroporous foam carriers
- r dye,max :
-
Maximum specific decolorization rate
- K s :
-
Half-saturation constant
- K i :
-
Substrate inhibition constant
References
Chen BY (2002) Understanding decolorization characteristics of reactive azo dyes by Pseudomonas luteola: toxicity and kinetics. Process Biochem 38:437–446
Hajji KT, Lepine F, Bisaillon JG, Beaudet R, Hawari J, Guiot SR (2000) Effects of bioaugmentation strategies in UASB reactors with a methanogenic consortium for removal of phenolic compounds. Biotechnol Bioeng 67:417–423
Heinaru E, Merimaa M, Viggor S, Lehiste M, Leito I, Truu J, Heinaru A (2005) Biodegradation efficiency of functionally important populations selected for bioaugmentation in phenol- and oil-polluted area. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 51:363–373
Heiss GS, Gowan B, Dabbs ER (1992) Cloning of DNA from a Rhodococcus strain conferring the ability to decolorize sulfonated azo dyes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 99:221–226
Limbergen HV, Top EM, Verstraete W (1998) Bioaugmentation in activated sludge: current features and future perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50:16–23
Liu YY, Li QY, Qin YM, Wei BN, He YQ, Tong ZF (2006) Degradation of cyanide by an alcaligenes sp. strain immobilized on polyurethane foam. Environ Sci 27:586–589
Lucas MS, Amaral C, Sampaio A, Peres JA, Dias AA (2006) Biodegradation of the diazo dye reactive black 5 by a wild isolate of Candida oleophila. Enzyme Microb Technol 39:51–55
Mohamed AR, Ossama ME, Martin A (1990) Inoculum size a factor limiting success of inoculation for biodegradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56:1392–1396
Nachiyar CV, Rajakumar GS (2005) Purification and characterization of an oxygen insensitive azoreductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enzyme Microb Technol 36:503–509
Qu YY, Zhou JT, Wang J, Xia YH, Liu GF, Tan L (2006) Novel approach for rapid extraction of genomic DNA from activated sludge and its fingerprinting analysis. J Dalian Univ Technol 46:335–339
Quan XC, Shi HC, Liu H, Lv PP, Qian Y (2004) Enhancement of 2,4 -dichlorophenol degradation in conventional activated sludge systems bioaugmented with mixes special culture. Water Res 38:245–253
Soda S, Ike M, Fujita M (1998) Effects of inoculation of a genetically engineered bacterium on performance and indigenous bacteria of a sequencing batch activated sludge process treating phenol. J Ferment Bioeng 86:90–96
Soda S, Uesugi K, Ike M, Fujita M (1999) Application of a floc-forming genetically engineered microorganism to a sequencing bath reactor for phenolic wastewater treatment. J Biosci Bioeng 88:85–91
Spadaro JT, Isebelle L, Renganathan V (1994) Hydroxyl radical mediated degradation of azo dye: evidence for benzene generation. Environ Sci Technol 28:1389–1393
Watanabe K, Teramoto M, Harayama S (2002) Stable augmentation of activated sludge with foreign catabolic genes harboured by an indigenous dominant bacterium. Environ Microbiol 4:577–583
Wilderer PA, Rubio MA, Davids L (1991) Impact of the addition of pure cultures on the performance of mixed culture reactors. Water Res 25:1307–1313
Yan B, Zhou JT, Wang J, Du CH, Hou HM, Song ZY, Bao YM (2004) Expression and characteristics of the gene encoding azoreductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides AS1.1737. FEMS Microbiol Lett 236:129–136
Yu ZT, Mohn WW (2001) Bioaugmentation with resin-acid-degrading bacteria enhances resin acid removal in sequencing batch reactors treating pulp mill effluents. Water Res 35:883–890
Zanaroli G, Fedi S, Carnevali M, Fava F, Zaannoni D (2002) Use of potassium tellurite for testing the survival and viability of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 in soil microcosms contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. Res Microbiol 153:353–360
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Zhichao Zhang at the school of chemical engineering, Dalian University of Technology, People’s Republic of China and Xiaodong Yuan at TaKaRa Biotechnology, Dalian Co. Ltd. for their skillful technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jin, Rf., Zhou, Jt., Zhang, Al. et al. Bioaugmentation of the decolorization rate of acid red GR by genetically engineered microorganism Escherichia coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24, 23–29 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9433-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9433-4