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Isolation of a strain of Acidithiobacillus caldus and its role in bioleaching of chalcopyrite

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Abstract

A moderately thermophilic and acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium named S2, was isolated from coal heap drainage. The bacterium was motile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, measured 0.4 to 0.6 by 1 to 2 μm, and grew optimally at 42–45°C and an initial pH of 2.5. The strain S2 grew autotrophically by using elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as energy sources. The strain did not use organic matter and inorganic minerals including ferrous sulfate, pyrite and chalcopyrite as energy sources. The morphological, biochemical, physiological characterization and analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain S2 is most closely related to Acidithiobacillus caldus (>99% similarity in gene sequence). The combination of the strain S2 with Leptospirillum ferriphilum or Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in chalcopyrite bioleaching improved the copper-leaching efficiency. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the chalcopyrite surface in a mixed culture of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus caldus was heavily etched. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that Acidithiobacillus caldus has the potential role to enhance the recovery of copper from chalcopyrite by oxidizing the sulfur formed during the bioleaching progress.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 50321402), the China National Basic Research Program (No. 2004CB619204), and the China Ocean Mineral Resources R & D Association (No.DY105-02-04-05).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China

    Qiu Guan Zhou & Zhou Hong Bo

  2. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China

    Qiu Guan Zhou, Fu Bo, Zhou Hong Bo, Liu Xi, Gao Jian & Liu Fei Fei

  3. Key Laboratory of Marine Biogentic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China

    Chen Xin Hua

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  1. Qiu Guan Zhou
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  2. Fu Bo
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  3. Zhou Hong Bo
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  4. Liu Xi
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  5. Gao Jian
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Correspondence to Zhou Hong Bo.

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Zhou, Q.G., Bo, F., Hong Bo, Z. et al. Isolation of a strain of Acidithiobacillus caldus and its role in bioleaching of chalcopyrite. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23, 1217–1225 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9350-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9350-6

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