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Reforestation of grey mangroves (Avicennia marina) along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf

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Abstract

Every ecosystem supports the living organisms by providing direct and indirect benefits and services. Among these areas, mangrove forests are one of the most fertile ecosystems in the intertidal zones. These natural forests are one of the coastal ecosystems that not only provide a source of food for humans and animals, but also play a major role in protecting and stabilizing coastlines and controlling climate. Mangroves are a breeding ground and a safe habitat for a variety of marine vertebrates and invertebrates. This study explains the experienced methods of propagation and foresting of Avicenna marina species. For the first time in the Persian Gulf, we reported a 5-year evaluation of reforestation method of grey mangrove. Reforestation in the highest latitude of natural forests in the Persian Gulf did not have any side effects on growing of Grey mangrove in the selected sites. As a result, increasing the area of Grey mangrove forests in the Persian Gulf improves the ecosystems of the tidal area. Increasing the chances of fishing and improving the economic conditions of the local communities around this bay will be some of the results of mangrove forestation. Furthermore, this is the first report of a simple method to train all the steps of grey mangrove reforestation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the spiritual and legal support of this project by the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Bushehr Province, Bushehr, Iran and Iranian Department of Environment (DOE) and the General office of Bushehr Province Department of Environment.

Funding

This study has been financially supported by Forestry Department, General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Bushehr Province, Bushehr, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PerciaVista R&D Co, Shiraz, 7514633196, Iran

    Zahra Farshid, Alireza Hashemi, Alireza Afshar & Amin Tamadon

  2. Beauty Planet Association, Bushehr, Iran

    Reshad Moradi Balef, Alireza Hashemi, Alireza Afshar, Tabandeh Heidari Bafghi & Amin Tamadon

  3. Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

    Tuba Zendehboudi, Niloofar Dehghan, Fatemeh Mohajer, Alireza Hashemi, Alireza Afshar & Hanieh Baneshi

  4. Forestry Department, General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Bushehr Province, Bushehr, Iran

    Siavash Kalbi & Amin Tamadon

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  1. Zahra Farshid
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Contributions

AT, RMB, and SK conceived and designed the format of the manuscript. ZF, TZ, ND, FM, AH, AA, THB, and HB collected the data, and drafted and edited the manuscript. RB, and AT drew the Figures and prepare Video S1. All the authors reviewed the manuscript and all of them contributed to the critical reading and discussion of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Amin Tamadon.

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Authors Zahra Farshid, Amin Tamadon, Alireza Hashemi, and Alireza Afshar are employed by PerciaVista R&D Co. Authors Reshad Moradi Balef, Amin Tamadon, Alireza Hashemi, Tabandeh Heidari Bafghi, and Alireza Afshar are members of the NGO Beauty Planet Association. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. We would like to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.

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Farshid, Z., Moradi Balef, R., Zendehboudi, T. et al. Reforestation of grey mangroves (Avicennia marina) along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf. Wetlands Ecol Manage 31, 115–128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-022-09904-1

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