Abstract
The hybrid cattail Typha xglauca Godr. is morphologically intermediate between Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L. We propose a method to distinguish these taxa based on morphology throughout emergent life stages. We evaluated four traits of gross morphology and four more from microscopic examination of leaf cross sections. All eight traits were assessed for 45 cattails collected from various types of wetlands in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, these shoots being identified by sequencing of microsatellite DNA as 17 specimens of T. latifolia and 14 specimens each for T. angustifolia and T. xglauca. Decision-tree analysis indicated that the single trait of mean leaf-apex angle for all leaves on the shoot was able to correctly align all specimens with their genetic identities. However, single-leaf measurements for leaf-apex angle were successful in this regard in only 80–85% of attempts. Ignoring mean leaf-apex angle and using a combination of all remaining seven traits, 44-out-of-45 samples were aligned correctly. Measurement of mean leaf-apex angle for a shoot can be used to distinguish reliably the parental Typha species and the hybrid. The remaining seven morphological traits can then be employed to provide additional support for determinations, possibly as an alternative to genetic determinations.
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Acknowledgements
Financial support to JDW from the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research of Ducks Unlimited Canada is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks also to Professor Chris Lemoine of the Integrative Biology Core Facility at Brandon University for suggestions on molecular methods and use of molecular facilities, and to Professor Joanna Freeland of Trent University for her generous advice on the approach to the genetic component of this study.
Funding
Financial support to JDW was provided by the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research of Ducks Unlimited Canada.
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Wasko, J.D., McGonigle, T.P., Goldsborough, L.G. et al. Use of shoot dimensions and microscopic analysis of leaves to distinguish Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and their invasive hybrid Typha xglauca. Wetlands Ecol Manage 30, 19–33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-021-09836-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-021-09836-2
Keywords
- Cattail
- Typha
- Identification
- Microsatellite
- DNA
- Leaf-apex angle