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Distribution Characteristics, Source Analysis of Heavy Metal(oid)s, and Ecological and Health Risk Assessment around Shale Gas Extraction Platform in Sichuan, China

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Abstract

Studies on the assessment of heavy metal(oid) contamination in soils near shale gas development areas are scarce. Studying the distribution characteristics of heavy metal(oid)s in the soil of shale gas extraction areas, evaluating ecological risks and health risks, and analyzing the sources of heavy metal(oid)s are important for environmental protection and public health in the shale gas development process. Forty-six surface soil samples were collected from a platform in the Shale Gas Development Zone, Sichuan Province, China, and analyzed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the average concentration of As exceeded the screening value of China’s agricultural soil environmental quality standard, and the content of all heavy metal(oid)s except Hg was higher than the background value. As and Cd had Nemerow indices of 3.25 and 6.62, respectively, and their mean Geo-accumulation indices were 0.38 and 0.52 each, both of which were noticeably greater than the contamination levels of other heavy metal(oid)s. It indicates that As and Cd contamination existed in the soil and the contamination was concentrated in the south of the study area. The results of the potential ecological risk evaluation indicated the existence of an ecological threat of Cd. There is no adult or child carcinogenic risk in the study area, but the non-carcinogenic hazard index for children is 2.71, posing a non-carcinogenic health risk to children (HI > 1), with As as the main risk factor. CV, Pearson correlation analysis, and PCA analysis indicate that As is mainly influenced by natural factors and may also originate from deep well strata during shale gas drilling. Cd is mainly derived from anthropogenic sources such as agricultural activities and shale gas development activities.

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Data Availability

The data presented in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.

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Funding

We gratefully acknowledge the support from the study on the land use benefit of Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Company, China (20220621–23).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People’s Republic of China

    Bing Wang, Kefeng Li & Chunyang Gao

  2. Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention On Oil and Gas Fields and Environmental Safety, Chengdu, 610500, People’s Republic of China

    Bing Wang

  3. Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610500, People’s Republic of China

    Hong Ye

  4. Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Company, Limited, Chengdu, 610501, People’s Republic of China

    Wenhui Jin & Guilin Xie

Authors
  1. Bing Wang
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  2. Kefeng Li
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  3. Hong Ye
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  4. Chunyang Gao
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  6. Guilin Xie
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Contributions

Bing Wang: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing an original draft. Kefeng Li: date curation, formal analysis, conceptualization, methodology, writing – review and editing. Hong Ye: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, software, resources. Chunyang Gaoa: investigation, formal analysis. Wenhui Jin: conceptualization, project administration.

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Correspondence to Bing Wang.

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Highlights

• First assessment of heavy metal(oid) pollution in the soil of shale gas development sites.

• As and Cd are the major elements contributing to high risk.

• As mainly originated from shale gas extraction and natural sources.

• Cd is mainly influenced by human activities in shale gas development.

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Wang, B., Li, K., Ye, H. et al. Distribution Characteristics, Source Analysis of Heavy Metal(oid)s, and Ecological and Health Risk Assessment around Shale Gas Extraction Platform in Sichuan, China. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 234 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07029-0

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