Abstract
Rhodamine B (RhB) in dye wastewater was degraded by zero-valent iron (ZVI) activated persulfate (PS). ZVI/PS system can produce strong oxidizing SO4−· and ·OH, which can degrade RhB. The reaction kinetics models of the ZVI/PS system and ZVI/PS/CA system were explored. The degradation efficiency and influence of PS activated by ZVI as activator on RhB and the strengthening effect of CA on the ZVI/PS system were analyzed. The degradation efficiency of RhB was analyzed if ZVI was added in batches, and the valence change of Fe was monitored to verify the results of ZVI experiment. And, the leading free radicals in the ZVI/PS system and the possible degradation paths of RhB were analyzed. The results showed that the degradation process of RhB in the ZVI/PS system and ZVI/PS/CA system was in line with apparent first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.996) and second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.918), respectively. In the ZVI/PS system, the optimum experimental conditions were 12 mmol·L−1 PS, 0.9 g·L−1 ZVI and initial pH = 5, the degradation rate of RhB was the highest at 96.54%, and SO4−· played a leading role. The effects of various experimental factors on the degradation rate of RhB were as follows: ZVI dosage > initial pH > PS dosage. The ZVI/PS system can be strengthened with proper CA dosage, and the degradation rate of RhB is the highest when the dosage of CA is 0.1 mmol·L−1. The results of batch ZVI experiments showed that the degradation efficiency of RhB was not significantly improved.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Program of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province of China for supporting this article. And thanks to the Opening Project of Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province.
Funding
This work was supported by the Program of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province of China under grant 2021ZYD0012, 2022NSFSC0532. And this work was supported by the Opening Project of Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Grant No.YQKF202209).
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YL: Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing-Review, Editing. HL: Conceptualization, Investigation, All experiments, Writing-Original Draft. XL: Supervision, Review. XL: Validation. WD: (Postgraduate) did Data curation. JC: (Postgraduate) did Investigation.
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Li, Y., Liu, H., Li, X. et al. Study on the Efficiency of Zero-Valent Iron Activated Persulfate Degradation of Rhodamine B and Citric Acid Enhancement. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 181 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-06987-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-06987-9