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Iodine Acetonitrile as a Drinking Water Disinfectant Showed a Potential Toxic Effect on Organism

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Abstract

Iodine acetonitrile (IAN) is an important halogenated acetonitrile (HANs) with potential toxic effect on organism. However, no in vivo toxicological study has been reported on IAN. To quantify the toxicity of IAN, we sought to use adult Drosophila as a model for studying IAN-induced neurotoxicity. Adult Drosophila flies were exposed to 1000 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 1 mg/L IAN or dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN, used as positive control) for 4 days to observe fly survival rate, and for 7 days to study climbing behavior. One hundred percent lethality was observed at 1000 mg/L IAN or DBAN. Kaplan‒Meier survival curves demonstrated that the overall survival of flies treated with 1 mg/L IAN was significantly shorter than that of flies treated with 1 mg/L DBAN. The climbing assay showed that the 10 mg/L IAN and 100 mg/L DBAN conditions started to reduce the climbing ability of the flies, suggesting that IAN and DBAN are neurotoxicity. In conclusion, IAN is more toxic than DBAN. It is recommended that attention be paid to toxicity, and IAN be included in the water test criteria to limit its concentration. In addition, IAN exposure was associated with changes in climbing behavior in flies, which might be associated with neurotoxicity.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University (No.R2022A029).

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Author notes

  1. Ya-Ping Li and Jie-Wen Cai contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China

    Ya-Ping Li & Jing-Da Qiao

  2. School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

    Ya-Ping Li

  3. Department of Anesthesia Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Jie-Wen Cai

  4. Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Pin-Ying Su

  5. Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Shi-Ming Xie & Jia-Xuan Lai

  6. Department of Rehabilitation Therapeutics, The Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Zi-Ru Xian

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  1. Ya-Ping Li
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Contributions

Jing-Da Qiao: conceptualization, data curation, project administration, resources, and supervision; Ya-Ping Li: data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing; Jie-Wen Cai and Pin-Ying Su: data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing; Shi-Ming Xie, Jia-Xuan Lai, and Zi-Ru Xian: investigation, methodology, validation, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Jing-Da Qiao.

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Li, YP., Cai, JW., Su, PY. et al. Iodine Acetonitrile as a Drinking Water Disinfectant Showed a Potential Toxic Effect on Organism. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 170 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-06974-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-06974-0

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