Abstract
Disposal of solid wastes through landfill becomes more expensive and has shortened the lifespan of the landfill as the generation of waste is increasing rapidly. In addition, the construction of new landfills becomes a constraint due to the lack of sufficient site, rising land prices, and increasing demands. Some factors such as the population growth, less sanitary landfill, and poor management of solid waste led to difficulties in treating large amounts of leachate. Due to the leachate infiltrating into the soil, it can pollute the groundwater and affect the nature that is located around the dumping site. In order to detect the movement of leachate in landfill and to determine the contamination area of leachate, the electrical resistivity method is more suitable to use in terms of cost and time required. The aim of this research is to determine the properties of heavy metal in soil, analyse electrical resistivity method using Schlumberger configuration, and determine and produce the subsurface profile of electrical resistivity mapping for leachate at Krubong landfill. The soil characteristics were determined using XRF. From the result, the highest heavy metal concentration in a sample from Krubong landfill site is barium (Ba) followed by zirconium (Zr), and vanadium (V). The study was focused on the application of the geophysics method by electrical resistivity in survey work using a Terrameter SAS4000 imaging system to produce a subsurface profile of the Krubong landfill. Three spread lines were successfully installed and applied at the site to get the subsurface profile of the site. According to the resistivity result, there are some spots at the subsurface of the site that show the leachate plume. Therefore, the movement of leachate can be determined and will assist in the improvement of landfill management and treatment purposes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
References
Abdulrahman, A., Nawawi, M., Saad, R., Abu-Rizaiza, A. S., Yusoff, M. S., Khalil, A. E., & Ishola, K. S. (2016). Characterization of active and closed landfill sites using 2D resistivity/IP imaging: Case studies in Penang, Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1–17.
Badmus, G. O., Ogungbemi, O. S., Enuiyin, O. V., Adeyeye, J. A., & Ogunyemi, A. T. (2022). Delineation of leachate plume migration and appraisal of heavy metals in groundwater around Emirin dumpsite, Ado-Ekiti. Nigeria. Scientific African, 17, e01308.
Chanpiwat, P., Lee, B. T., Kim, K. W., & Sthiannopkao, S. (2014). Human health risk assessment for ingestion exposure to groundwater contaminated by naturally occurring mixtures of toxic heavy metals in the Lao PDR. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 4905–4923.
Detho, A., Almohana, A. I., Alali, A. F., & Almojil, S. F. (2022). Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and removal efficiency mechanism of leachate using coconut shell activated carbon and peat soil as composite adsorbent. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233(7), 251.
Detho, A., Kadir, A. A., & Rosli, M. A. (2023a). Zeolite as an adsorbent reduces ammoniacal nitrogen and COD in rubber processing industry effluents. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 234(11), 677.
Detho, A., Memon, A. A., Memon, A. H., Almohana, A. I., Daud, Z., & Rosli, M. A. (2023b). Sorption kinetics, isotherm studies and mechanism of removal of organic and inorganic by adsorption onto renewable biomineral. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 234(1), 22.
Echebiri, J. C., & Awe, G. O. (2022). Multivariate analysis of land use impact on soil water content and some physicochemical properties of an alfisol. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(8), 1542–1551.
Hussein, M., Yoneda, K., Zaki, Z. M., & Amir, A. (2019). Leachate characterizations and pollution indices of active and closed unlined landfills in Malaysia. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 12, 100232.
Jamaludin, H., Mohamed, B., & Noorashid, N. A. (2020). Food waste motivational factors: The theory of planned behavior and the role of Big-Five personality traits on Malaysians Generation Z. Global Business and Management Research, 12(4), 73–89.
Kamaruddin, M. A., Yusoff, M. S., Rui, L. M., Isa, A. M., Zawawi, M. H., & Alrozi, R. (2017). An overview of municipal solid waste management and landfill leachate treatment: Malaysia and Asian perspectives. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 26988–27020.
Kayode, J. S., Arifin, M. H., & Nawawi, M. O. H. D. (2019). Characterization of a proposed quarry site using multi-electrode electrical resistivity tomography. Sains Malays, 48, 945–963.
Khairuddin, N., Manaf, L. A., Hassan, M. A., Halimoon, N., & Ab Karim, W. A. W. (2015). Biogas harvesting from organic fraction of municipal solid waste as a renewable energy resource in Malaysia: A review. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(4), 1477–1490.
Khalil, C., Al Hageh, C., Korfali, S., & Khnayzer, R. S. (2018). Municipal leachates health risks: Chemical and cytotoxicity assessment from regulated and unregulated municipal dumpsites in Lebanon. Chemosphere, 208, 1–13.
Kumar, A., & Samadder, S. R. (2022). Assessment of energy recovery potential and analysis of environmental impacts of waste to energy options using life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 365, 132854.
Molleda, A., López, A., Cuartas, M., & Lobo, A. (2020). Release of pollutants in MBT landfills: Laboratory versus field. Chemosphere, 249, 126145.
Okunowo, O. O., Adeogun, O. Y., Ishola, K. S., & Alli, S. (2020). Delineation of leachate at a dumpsite using geo-electrical resistivity method: A case study of Abule Egba, Lagos, Nigeria. SN Applied Sciences, 2, 1–12.
Olabode, O. P., & San, L. H. (2023). Analysis of soil electrical resistivity and hydraulic conductivity relationship for characterisation of lithology inducing slope instability in residual soil. International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 14(1), 7.
Yaser, A. Z., Lamaming, J., Suali, E., Rajin, M., Saalah, S., Kamin, Z., ... & Wid, N. (2022). Composting and anaerobic digestion of food waste and sewage sludge for campus sustainability: A review. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1–14.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Amir Detho: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, experimental work, original draft preparation.
Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Zuwairi Izwan Bin Zawani: writing—reviewing and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Detho, A., Kadir, A.A. & Zawani, Z.I.B. Heavy Metal Characteristics of Soil and Leachate Resistivity Mapping of Malacca Landfill. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 115 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-06940-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-06940-w