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Metal Contamination of Different Water Categories and Surface Soil Near Thermal Power Plants at Varied Geographic Sites of India and Their Health Risk Assessment

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Abstract

The present study aimed to examine elemental contamination near the residential areas of four coal thermal power plants in India. Water and surface soil samples were collected from various geographic sites around Chennai, Korba, Rupnagar, and Udupi power plants. The study identified aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) in water and soil samples. Further, soil morphology was also studied using the SEM and EDX. Additionally, using non-cancerous and cancerous risk indices, human health hazards through consuming contaminated water and soil were estimated. Results indicated that Fe and Mn concentrations in water exceeded the standard limits, i.e., the Fe (0.36 mg/l) at site 2 (Chennai), 0.490 mg/l at site 1, and 1.907 mg/l at site 3 (Udupi), while Mn was found as 0.28 mg/l at site 4 (Chennai), 0.27 mg/l at site 3 (Udupi), and 1.52 mg/l at site 4 (Rupnagar). In the case of soil, the maximum metal concentration (mg/kg) was found in Rupnagar, followed by Chennai, Korba, and Udupi. The hazard index (HI) for non-cancerous and cancerous risks was found within the USEPA standard limits, indicating insignificant health risks to the adjoining population of coal thermal power plants. This study provides baseline information regarding the elemental composition in water and soil and the associated health risk status around Indian coal thermal power plants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Health Care Without Harm (HCWH) for providing support for the project: "Environmental Exposure and Associated Health Risk Among People Living Around Coal Thermal Power Plants ". We would also like to thank the Environment Studies Department, Panjab University Chandigarh, for support in laboratory experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Khaiwal Ravindra, Neha Agarwal & Vivek Singh Malik

  2. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Nitasha Vig & Suman Mor

  3. Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR - NIE), Chennai, India

    Elangovan Arumugam, Prabu Rajkumar & Elavarasu Govindasamy

  4. State Health Resource Centre, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Punita Kumar & Prabir Chatterjee

  5. Department of Community Medicine, Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Government of Karnataka, Madikeri, Karnataka, India

    Ramachandra Kamath

  6. Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India

    Surekha R Kamath

  7. Department of Community Medicine, Nandi Medical College And Research Institute, Chikkaballpura, Karnataka, India

    Sharvanan E. Udayar

  8. Centre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India

    Poornima Prabhakaran & Samayita Ghosh

  9. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Kishore Kumar Madhipatla

  10. Pediatric Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics Advanced Pediatric Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Savita Verma Attri

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  1. Khaiwal Ravindra
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Ravindra, K., Vig, N., Agarwal, N. et al. Metal Contamination of Different Water Categories and Surface Soil Near Thermal Power Plants at Varied Geographic Sites of India and Their Health Risk Assessment. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 152 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-06888-x

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