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Toxicity Bioassay and Respiratory Impact of Fungicide Tricyclazole on Anabas testudineus

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Abstract

Tricyclazole is a fungicide, widely used to control the blast disease of paddy. Parboiling, a step involved in the post-harvest processing of rice, releases fungicide residues, which enter water bodies and eventually reach aquatic organisms like fish. A preliminary analysis of the parboiled rice mill effluent showed the presence of the fungicide, Tricyclazole. In the present study, a 120-h bioassay was conducted to evaluate the effect of tricyclazole on A. testudineus, a freshwater fish found in Kerala. The LC50 was found to be 19.83 and 17.19 mg L-1 for 12 and 120 h, respectively. The 96-h LC50 of tricyclazole was estimated as 17.28 mg L-1. LT50 value ranged from 66.58 to 35.77 h for 17 and 17.6 mg L-1 of tricyclazole. Exposure duration was the most critical factor as LT values varied significantly across decimal increments of doses. Fishes exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (A: 1/10, B: 1/7, and C: 1/5 of 96-h LC50) for 10, 20, and 30 days exhibited behavioural abnormalities such as air gulping, loss of balance, copious secretion of mucus, loss of scales, opercular activity, discolouration, surfacing, and vertically hanging movements. Gill movement was high in the first few minutes of recovery, which also seemed to last longer with increased exposure duration. Fishes exposed to lowest sub-lethal concentration took almost 60 min for gill movement to reach normalcy. The oxygen consumption increased significantly at higher sub-lethal concentration after 20 h of exposure. The present study indicates a clear sign of metabolic impairment by tricyclazole in A. testudineus.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Principal, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha, for the facilities provided during the entire study.

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  1. Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha-686661 Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India

    Shalu Soman

  2. St. Peter’s College, Kolenchery-682311 Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India

    Arun Aloorkalarickal Unnikrishnan

  3. School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, 682022, India

    Syamkumar Reghu Nandanan Pillai

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Author AU Arun designed the study and wrote the protocol. Author Shalu Soman carried out the experimental work and analysis and drafted the manuscript. Author Syamkumar R conducted the statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Soman, S., Aloorkalarickal Unnikrishnan, A. & Reghu Nandanan Pillai, S. Toxicity Bioassay and Respiratory Impact of Fungicide Tricyclazole on Anabas testudineus. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 30 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06836-1

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