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Development and Characterization of Bentonite/Hydroxyapatite-Based Chitosan Hybrid Composite for Effective Removal of Methylene Blue

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Abstract

Many dyeing industries release toxic effluents to water bodies that can severely affect human health, aquatic life, and other living organisms. Hence, the treatment of dyeing effluent is mandatory to protect the environment. Bentonite (BT) clay and hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic material possess appreciable dye adsorption capacity. But BT and HA cause pressure drops during filtration due to their powder form. To overcome this problem and to enhance the dye adsorption capacity of BT and HA, the present study concentrates on the development of a hybrid clay-ceramic composite using chitosan (CS) biopolymer namely BTHACS composite. The developed BTHACS composite was employed for methylene blue (MB) removal. The highest dye adsorption capacity of 45.5 mg/g was obtained for BTHACS composite within 40 min contact time than the individual components (BT, HA, and CS). Various adsorption parameters, namely, initial MB concentration, contact time, pH, dosage, interfering ions, and temperature studies were performed under batch method. The nature of BTHACS composite and its MB adsorption were analyzed by FTIR, EDAX, and SEM analysis. The isotherm and kinetic studies were also investigated with different initial concentrations (80, 100, 120, and 140 mg/L) at 303, 313, and 323 K. Thermodynamic studies results confirm that the MB adsorption onto BTHACS composite was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic in nature. The regeneration studies indicate that BTHACS composite has high reusable ability, and it can be recyclable upto 5 cycles. The field suitability results provide that BTHACS composite has a high potential for MB removal.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.

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Acknowledgements

The corresponding author (Dr. N. Viswanathan) dedicated his 100th Science Citation Index (SCI) research article to his beloved father Mr. N. Natrayasamy for his constant encouragement and moral support. The authors thank the researchers supporting project number (RSP2023R169), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Anna University, University College of Engineering - Dindigul, Reddiyarchatram, Dindigul, 624 622, Tamil Nadu, India

    Vellaiyapillai Sathiyajothi & Natrayasamy Viswanathan

  2. Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA

    Ilango Aswin Kumar

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia

    Sabah Ansar

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  1. Vellaiyapillai Sathiyajothi
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Correspondence to Natrayasamy Viswanathan.

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Sathiyajothi, V., Viswanathan, N., Kumar, I.A. et al. Development and Characterization of Bentonite/Hydroxyapatite-Based Chitosan Hybrid Composite for Effective Removal of Methylene Blue. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 766 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06769-9

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