Abstract
In numerous wastewater treatment processes, the parameters of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) assume a pivotal role. Typically, conventional statistical methods are employed for the surveillance of these three variables. However, in many real-world scenarios, data collection may occur under uncertain conditions, and not all measurements in the dataset are characterized by precision. This research endeavor aims to oversee these critical variables by constructing Hotelling’s \({T}^{2}\) control chart using neutrosophic data. The proposed approach utilizes neutrosophic observations of the three variables to create the neutrosophic Hotelling’s \({T}^{2}\) (NHT) control chart. Additionally, a comparative analysis has been conducted using the Sullivan and Woodall (SW) method and the Holmes and Mergen (HM) method to assess the effectiveness of each of these methods in detecting shifts and establishing forthcoming production limits. Notably, the SW method exhibits higher sensitivity in shift detection when compared to the HM method. The SW method has been found better for identifying the early shift than that of HM. The mean vector has been computed along with the covariance matrix estimates using both the SW and HM methods to estimate the future production limits. Finally, a MYT-decomposition approach has been employed to identify the sources of variability for each of the three variables.
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The authors are deeply thankful to the editor and reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve the quality and presentation of the paper.
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M.K and M.A analyze the data and format the paper, whereas AM and MIK helped to write up the paper and improve the grammar of the paper.
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Kashif, M., Almarashi, A.M., Aslam, M. et al. Water Waste Monitoring Using Neutrosophic Multivariate T2 Control Chart. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 747 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06768-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06768-w