Abstract
Heavy metal contamination stemming from lead and zinc mining and processing operations is a prevalent and pressing environmental issue. This review article explores the multifaceted dimensions of this problem, examining the primary sources of contamination, which encompass mining activities, production and processing processes, waste management practices, and atmospheric deposition. The repercussions of lead and zinc contamination extend across various domains, including soil pollution and degradation, water pollution with consequential effects on aquatic ecosystems, plant uptake leading to crop contamination, health hazards, and risks associated with human exposure. Additionally, wildlife and biodiversity are profoundly impacted by these pollutants. The article delves into a comprehensive analysis of the diverse techniques employed for monitoring and assessing lead and zinc contamination in soil. This includes an exploration of sampling and analytical methods, geographic information systems, and remote sensing technologies. Mitigation and remediation strategies form a significant part of the review, with a focus on soil remediation techniques such as phytoremediation and other plant-based approaches. It also emphasizes the importance of human health protection and risk management measures in combating lead and zinc contamination. The article concludes by highlighting emerging technologies and approaches in the field, including innovations in mining waste management and remediation, the integration of green chemistry and sustainable practices within the mining industry, and the utilization of artificial intelligence for enhanced lead and zinc pollution control. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the multifaceted issue of heavy metal pollution associated with lead and zinc mining and processing factories, offering a roadmap for future research and effective environmental management.
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References
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Sharifi, S.A., Zaeimdar, M., Jozi, S.A. et al. Effects of Soil, Water and Air Pollution with Heavy Metal Ions Around Lead and Zinc Mining and Processing Factories. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 760 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06758-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06758-y