Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Fertilization of Different Crops on Non-Point Source Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Erhai Lake Basin

  • Published:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The relationship between crop fertilization and non-point source (NPS) pollution is a hot topic of research on agricultural NPS pollution. In this paper, the upper reaches of Erhai Lake Basin were taken as the research area. Based on rice-broad bean and maize-potato rotation, the content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (AN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and total nitrogen (TN) in water samples from experiment field plots under normal fertilization, 60% normal fertilization and 30% normal fertilization were measured, and the response relationship between fertilization levels and the values of the indicators was explored by using the method of split-plot experiments and statistical analysis. The experiment results are as follows: (1) The fertilization level of different crops had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on agricultural NPS pollution, and the effect on TP was the strongest (R2 = 0.550; P < 0.01). COD has the second highest impact. (3)The content of AN and NO3-N measured from field plots of maize and broad bean had no significant relationship with the fertilization level, but the content of nitrogen measured from plots of potato presented a downward trend with the increased amount of fertilizer. (4) Overall, the amount of fertilizer positively affected agricultural NPS pollution, and there was a correlation between the indicators. This study can provides new ideas for the evaluation and delineation of the spatial pattern of source-sink risk of NPS pollution in the basin, and puts forth new methods for the management of NPS pollution in the basins of low-latitude plateau fractured lakes similar to the Erhai Lake Basin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  • Adeyemi, O., Keshavarz-Afshar, R., Jahanzad, E., Battaglia, M. L., & Sadeghpour, A. (2020). Effect of wheat cover crop and split nitrogen application on corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy, 10(8), 1081.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, Y. K., & Majumdar, F. D. (1995). Spectrophotometric determination of indapamide and its formulations using ammonium molybdate reagent. Analytical Letters, 28, 1619–1627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badrzadeh, N., Samani, J., Mazaheri, M., & Kuriqi, A. (2022). Evaluation of management practices on agricultural nonpoint source pollution discharges into the rivers under climate change effects. The Science of the Total Environment, 838, 156643.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baiyegunhi, L., Majokweni, Z. P., & Ferrer, S. (2019). Impact of outsourced agricultural extension program on smallholder farmers’ net farm income in Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Technology in Society, 57, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brett, B. A., & Kandulu, J. M. (2010). Designing a policy mix and sequence for mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution in a water supply catchment. Water Resources Management, 25, 875–892.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, N., Li, X., Imnek, J., Shi, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The effects of biodegradable and plastic film mulching on nitrogen uptake, distribution, and leaching in a drip-irrigated sandy field. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 292, 106817.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-M., Zhang, J.-Y., Xu, X., Qu, H.-Y., Hou, M., Zhou, K., Jiao, X.-G., & Sui, Y.-y. (2018). Effects of different irrigation and fertilization practices on nitrogen leaching in facility vegetable production in northeastern China. Agricultural Water Management, 210, 165–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X., He, G., Liu, X., Li, B., Peng, W., Dong, F., Huang, A., Wang, W., & Lian, Q. (2021). Sub-watershed parameter transplantation method for non-point source pollution estimation in complex underlying surface environment. Land, 10, 1387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, D. H., Beom, J. A., Jeung, M. H., et al. (2019). Characteristics of biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand export from paddy fields during rainfall and non-rainfall periods. Paddy and Water Environment, 17, 165–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdary, V. M., Rao, N. H., & Sarma, P. B. S. (2004). A coupled soil water and nitrogen balance model for flooded rice fields in India. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 103, 425–441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christou, A., Papadavid, G., Dalias, P., Fotopoulos, V., Michael, C., Bayona, J. M., Piña, B., & Fatta-Kassinos, D. (2019). Ranking of crop plants according to their potential to uptake and accumulate contaminants of emerging concern. Environmental Research, 170, 422–432.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, G., Bai, X., Wang, P., Wang, H., Wang, S., & Dong, L. (2022). Agricultural structures management based on nonpoint source pollution control in typical fuel ethanol raw material planting area. Sustainability, 14, 7995.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dedkov, Y. M., Elizarova, O. V., & Kel’ina, S. Y. (2000). Dichromate method for the determination of chemical oxygen demand. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 55, 777–781.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, Y., Ma, W., Tan, Z., Wang, Y., & Zeng, W. (2023). Spatial and temporal variation of multiple eco-environmental indicators in Erhai Lake Basin of China under land use transitions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 16236–16252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng, Y., Qiu, H. N., & Sun, Z. J. (2016). Research progress on determination of ammonia nitrogen in water by Nessler “s reagent spectrophotometry.” Environmental Science and Technology, 39(S2), 348–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao, D., Sheng, R., Whiteley, A. S., Moreira-Grez, B., & Wei, W. (2020). Effect of phosphorus amendments on rice rhizospheric methanogens and methanotrophs in a phosphorus deficient soil. Geoderma, 368, 114312.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmeister, K. L., Walter, M. T., & Georgakakos, C. B. (2016). A runoff risk model based on topographic wetness indices and probability distributions of rainfall and soil moisture for central New York agricultural fields. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 71(4), 289–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Y., Xing, Z., Zhang, F., Tian, Q., Nasem, B., & Jinmei, Z. (2022). Analysis and estimation of nonpoint source pollution under different land use in Anjiagou watershed, Gansu, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 77428–77447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopriva, R. J., & Shaw, D. G. (1991). Power estimates: The effect of dependent variable reliability on the power of one-factor anovas. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 51, 585–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W. J., Zeng, F. X., & Jiang, H. (2013). Determination of total nitrogen in solid samples by two-step digestion-ultraviolet spectrophotometry method. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 44(6), 1080–1091.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H., Xu, W., Li, J., Yu, Z., Zeng, Q., Tan, W., & Mi, W. (2021). Short-term effect of manure and straw application on bacterial and fungal community compositions and abundances in an acidic paddy soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 21, 3057–3071.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, Z., Yu, B., Zhang, H., & Yang, Z. (2017). Association analysis between agricultural non-point source pollution and water environment change in Erhai Lake Basin. Journal of Central China Normal University ( Natural Science Edition ), 51(02), 215–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouri, G., Takizawa, S., & Oki, T. (2011). Spatial and temporal variation in nutrient parameters in stream water in a rural-urban catchment, Shikoku, Japan: Effects of land cover and human impact. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 1837–1848.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian, Y., Sun, L., Chen, D., Liao, J., & Sun, Q. (2021). The response of the migration of non-point source pollution to land use change in a typical small watershed in a semi-urbanized area. Science of the Total Environment, 785, 147387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Z., Chen, L., Hong, Q., Xie, H., Qiu, J., & Liu, R. (2013). Vertical Variation of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. PLOS ONE, 8, e71194

  • Sheikhzeinoddin, A., & Esmaeili, A. (2017). Ecological and economic impacts of different irrigation and fertilization practices: case study of a watershed in the southern Iran. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19, 2499–2515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su, B., Yan, Z., Li, Y., Tang, S., Pan, X., Zhang, X., Li, W., & Li, Y. (2022). Co-compost application of magnesium salts and orthophosphate adjusted biochar and cyanobacteria for fixing nitrogen, improving maize quality, and reducing field nutrient loss. Agronomy, 12, 2406.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong, L., Chen, Q., Wong, A. A., Gomez-Bombarelli, R., & Aziz, M. J. (2017). UV-Vis spectrophotometry of quinone flow battery electrolyte for in-situ monitoring and improved electrochemical modeling of potential and quinhydrone formation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 19, 31684–31691.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, L., Zhao, X., Gao, J., Butterly, C. R., & Xiao, X. (2019a). Effects of fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorous loss from rice-wheat rotation system in the Taihu Lake region of China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 285, 106605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., He, P., Shen, C., & Wu, Z. (2019b). Effect of irrigation amount and fertilization on agriculture non-point source pollution in the paddy field. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26, 10363–10373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, Y. J., Shimizu, Y., He, K., et al. (2020). Comparison among different ASEAN water quality indices for the assessment of the spatial variation of surface water quality in the Selangor river basin, Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192, 644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, Y. J., Shimizu, Y., Kamiya, A., et al. (2021a). Application of artificial intelligence methods for monsoonal river classification in Selangor river basin, Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, 438.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, Y. J., Nakayama, R., Shimizu, Y., Kamiya, A., Shen, S., Muhammad Rashid, I. Z., & Nik Sulaiman, N. M. (2021b). Toward industrial revolution 4.0: Development, validation, and application of 3D-printed IoT-based water quality monitoring system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 324, 129230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, L., Chen, Z., Ding, X., Liu, H.-Y., & Wang, D.-q. (2021). Research on water environmental capacity accounting of the Yongzhou Section of Xiangjiang River Basin based on the SWAT-EFDC coupling model. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13, 1106–1122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y., Si, W., Yan, S., Wu, L., Zhao, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., & Fan, J. L. (2023). Water consumption, soil nitrate-nitrogen residue and fruit yield of drip-irrigated greenhouse tomato under various irrigation levels and fertilization practices. Agricultural Water Management, 277, 108092.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, M., Li, Y., Wang, J., Hu, X., & Miao, Z. (2019). Study on the law of nitrogen transfer and conversion and use of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation mode. Water, 11, 218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, H., Dong, J., Shen, Z., Chen, L., Lai, X., Qiu, J., Wei, G., Peng, Y., & Chen, X. (2019). Intra- and inter-event characteristics and controlling factors of agricultural nonpoint source pollution under different types of rainfall-runoff events. Catena, 182, 104105–104105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, S., Xue, B., & Kong, D. (2010). Chronology and nutrients change in recent sediment of Taihu Lake, lower Changjiang River Basin, east China. Chinese Geographical Science, 20, 202–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • You, L., Yu, S., Liu, H., Wang, C., & Hu, D. (2019). Effects of biogas slurry fertilization on fruit economic traits and soil nutrients of Camellia oleifera Abel. PLoS One, 14, e0208289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, K., Bai, M., Li, Y., Zhang, S., & Xu, D. (2020). A non-uniform broadcast fertilization method and its performance analysis under basin irrigation. Water, 12, 292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, L., Zhao, P., Chi, Y., Wang, D., Wang, P., Liu, N., Cai, D., Wu, Z., & Zhong, N. (2017). Controlling the hydrolysis and loss of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) using a nanocomposite. Chemsuschem, 10, 2068–2079.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors would like to extend gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41961040) and the Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Special General Project (Grant No. 202101BD070001-101) for providing financial support for this study; and our thanks also go to the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Research Fund Project (2023Y1000) for supporting this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China

    Hao Zhao

  2. Yunnan Intermountain Basin Land Use Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming, 650201, China

    Hao Zhao, Honggang Zheng, Jianhua Li, Lijun Liao, Xingyan Ge, Yunchun Chen, Xiaofei Guo & Weijun Zeng

  3. College of Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China

    Jing Li, Honggang Zheng, Jianhua Li, Jianxiong Wang, Lijun Liao, Xingyan Ge, Yunchun Chen, Xiaofei Guo & Weijun Zeng

  4. Yunnan International Joint R&D Center of Smart Agriculture and Water Security, Kunming, 650201, China

    Jing Li & Weijun Zeng

Authors
  1. Hao Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jing Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Honggang Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jianhua Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jianxiong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lijun Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xingyan Ge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yunchun Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Xiaofei Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Weijun Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Hao Zhao: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Visualization,Resources, Project administration, Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing.

Jing Li: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Project administration, Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing.

Honggang Zheng: Methodology, Resources, Project administration, Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing.

Jianhua Li: Conceptualization, Writing-review & editing

Jianxiong Wang: Data curation, Conceptualization

Lijun Liao: Experimental design, Methodology, Resources

Xingyan Ge: Data curation, Methodology

Yunchun Chen: Writing-review & editing

Xiaofei Guo: Conceptualization, Data curation

Weijun Zeng: Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition,

Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Methodology, Resources, Writing-review & editing.

All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weijun Zeng.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

1. The main crop rotations are established to be rice-fava bean and maize-potato rotations through field research in the study area.

2. The relationship between fertilizer application levels of different crops and agricultural NPS pollution in the studied basin is modelled.

3. TP, COD, NO3-N, AN and TN are the main indicators for NPS pollution in the study area.

4. NF, 60%NF and 30%NF fertilization can effectively reveal the relationship between the fertilization level and NPS pollution.

5. The fertilization level of different crops had the most significant effect on the content of TP (R2 = 0.550, P < 0.01). The research can provide new ideas and methods for ecological environment management of Erhai Lake Basin.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, H., Li, J., Zheng, H. et al. Effects of Fertilization of Different Crops on Non-Point Source Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Erhai Lake Basin. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 581 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06595-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06595-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation