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Systematic Evaluation of Potential and Actual Heavy Metal Leaching Risks of Water Purification Materials Under Different Acid–Base Conditions: Analysis of Behavior and Mechanism

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Abstract

This study investigated the functional and structural properties of several water purification materials and the behavior of a number of soluble heavy metals contained therein. This work focused on the processes of adsorption and retention and dissolution as measurable by variations in concentration. Coconut shell activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, KDF (Kinetic Degradation Fluxion) mixed activated carbon, and medical stone are four examples of representative water purification materials, and analyzed the dissolution behaviors of these four representative materials under different acid and base conditions. In terms of dissolution kinetics, this study has established that the order of decrease in concentrations of soluble heavy metals on the surface and/or on the inside of water purification materials is as follows: acidic conditions > alkaline conditions > neutral. This order of decreasing concentrations correlates to the corresponding order of increase in heavy metals in solution. Furthermore, this study analyzed the changes in the surface microstructure and the substance composition of water purification materials under different pH by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). And it was found that strongly acid and alkaline conditions have a strong corrosive effect on the water purification materials. When pH = 1, the leaching concentration of Zn in KDF mixed activated carbon was as high as 37,139.21 μg/L, which is much higher than the maximum increase of 100 μg/L allowed by the standard. The causes for the presence of heavy metals in water purification materials are mainly related to raw materials, additives, and production processes.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Jiaxin Zhang, Xiaomei Sui, Mingpu Sun, and Wen Jiang for help our paper’s correcting the figures, data organization, and language polishing.

Funding

The work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202102280483, ZR2020MD115), the Shandong Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (MSTIP) (2020CXGC011203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22008162), and the Jinan City-school Integration Development Strategy Project in 2021 (JNSX2021048).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, People’s Republic of China

    Shengyun Jiang, Huixue Ren, Xinyu Zhang & Xuemei Li

  2. Qingdao West Coast New Area Urban Management Bureau, Qingdao, 266400, People’s Republic of China

    Runhua Zhou

  3. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China

    Markus Neckenig

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  1. Shengyun Jiang
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Contributions

Shengyun Jiang: writing, original draft preparation, reviewing, and editing; Huixue Ren: conceptualization, methodology, writing, reviewing, and editing; Runhua Zhou: writing, original draft preparation; Markus Neckenig: contributions both to analysis and theory as well as writing — reviewing and editing; Xinyu Zhang: conceptualization; Xuemei Li: methodology, data curation.

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Correspondence to Huixue Ren.

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Jiang, S., Ren, H., Zhou, R. et al. Systematic Evaluation of Potential and Actual Heavy Metal Leaching Risks of Water Purification Materials Under Different Acid–Base Conditions: Analysis of Behavior and Mechanism. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 577 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06542-y

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