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Interactions of Moisture Content, pH, and HA on the Immobilization of Pb and Zn in Paddy Soil Using Magnetic-chitosan Hydrochar

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution volume 234, Article number: 104 (2023) Cite this article

Abstract

The pollution of composite heavy metals in paddy soil is a challenging issue, and there is little information on the interactions of typical environmental factors on hydrochar in-situ remediation of composite heavy metals. In the current research, the effects of three different environmental factors (moisture content, pH, and dissolved organic matter (DOM)) on magnetic-chitosan hydrochar (MCH) in-situ immobilized Pb and Zn in paddy soil with European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extraction method were investigated. Next, the interactions between different moisture content (70% and 100%), initial soil pH (6.5 and 8.0), and humic acid (HA) dosage (5% and 10%) were assessed using a second-order polynomial nonlinear fitting model. The BCR results indicated that increasing soil moisture content and pH successfully transformed exchangeable Pb and Zn into stable Pb and Zn and improved the immobilization efficiency of MCH for Pb and Zn. Besides, the percentage of residual Pb and Zn increased significantly as HA dosage increased from 0 to 5% after 60 days. However, there was an unremarkable change of residual Pb and Zn at 5% HA (65.8%, 67.9%) and 10% HA (65.2%, 65.9%), which indicated that 5% HA dosage was the most efficient. According to the fitting model, HA had a major impact on the growth rate of MCH-immobilized Pb and Zn. Additionally, there were great synergistic interactions among three factors in the immobilization of Pb and Zn using MCH. In particular, 5% HA promoted surface complexation, ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, surface complexation, and precipitation, resulting in nearly 56.58% Pb and 37.66% Zn that were transformed from exchangeable into stable forms under high moisture and neutral conditions. In summary, HA played a crucial role in the process of MCH-immobilized Pb and Zn in soil, and there were synergistic interactions on the effective immobilization of Pb and Zn in paddy soil among HA and moisture content and initial pH.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52270151), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 22ZR1401700), and the National Key Research and Development Program: Key Projects of International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Between Governments (2022YFE0120600).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Ming Wu, Yitong Dan, Jing Miao, Xiaoxia Wang, Feihong Liu & Wenjing Sang

Authors
  1. Ming Wu
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  2. Yitong Dan
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  3. Jing Miao
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  4. Xiaoxia Wang
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  5. Feihong Liu
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  6. Wenjing Sang
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Contributions

Ming Wu: conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, data curation, writing – original draft. Yitong Dan: writing – reviewing and editing. Jing Miao: investigation and supervision. Xiaoxia Wang: validation, supervision. Feihong Liu: software. Wenjing Sang: funding acquisition, resources, writing – review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wenjing Sang.

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Wu, M., Dan, Y., Miao, J. et al. Interactions of Moisture Content, pH, and HA on the Immobilization of Pb and Zn in Paddy Soil Using Magnetic-chitosan Hydrochar. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 104 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06107-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06107-z

Keywords

  • Magnetic-chitosan hydrochar
  • Immobilization
  • Pb
  • Zn
  • Typical environmental factors