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Adsorption of Zn(II) on Pristine and SPLP/TCLP Leached Rice Straw Biochar: an Interplay of Precipitation and Ion Exchange

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Abstract

The inorganic mineral content in biochar influences the adsorption of Zn(II) metal ions. Metal ion adsorption on mineral rich rice straw biochar is influenced upon washing. Rice straw slow pyrolysis biochar BC1-3, respectively, prepared at 400, 500, and 600 °C, were leached under Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) conditions to furnish BT1-3 and BS1-3, respectively. The Zn(II) adsorption studies were carried out for pH and dose optimization, initial concentration, isotherm fit, and kinetic studies. The Zn(II) adsorption by B(C/S/T)1–3 showed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm, with pseudo-second-order kinetics at optimum pH 5 and dose 1 g/L. The adsorption of Zn(II) followed the trend BC3(qm 47 mg/g) > BC2 > BC1 > BS2 > BS1 > BS3 > BT2 > BT1 > BT3 (qm 3.5 mg/g), i.e., metal ion adsorption decreased with extent of leaching. The Zn(II) adsorption on biochar involved precipitation as dominant factor for metal ion adsorption on the biochars followed by ion exchange and proton exchange. The precipitation of Zn(II) ions in case of BC1-3 is attributed to the pH of biochar, which increases with proportion of minerals to organic content in biochar. In case of biochar BS1-3 and BT1-3, ion exchange and proton exchange mechanisms driven by demineralization are responsible for Zn(II) adsorption. The adsorption mechanism for Zn(II) on biochar is supported by XPS, solid state NMR studies.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and the supplementary information.

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Acknowledgements

AB is thankful to UGC for JRF fellowship. Authors are thankful to DST-FIST grant in Department of Environmental Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry. Authors are thankful to CIL, CUPB for ICP-MS, FTIR, AAS, and SEM analysis. Authors are also indebted to the NMR and XPS facility at CIF, IISER Trivandrum and IIC, IIT Roorkee, respectively.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Science, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 401, India

    Akanksha Bhardwaj, Shilpa Nag & Puneeta Pandey

  2. Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 401, India

    Khadim Hussain & J. Nagendra Babu

  3. Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Dabwali Road, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India

    Meenu Arora

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  1. Akanksha Bhardwaj
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. AB—biochar treatment, adsorption experiments, writing the original draft, data interpretation, software analysis. SN—raw biochar preparation. KH—adsorption experiments. PP—reviewing and editing. MA—data interpretation and review. NJB—supervision, conceptualization, methodology, analysis, writing, editing, and review.

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Bhardwaj, A., Nag, S., Hussain, K. et al. Adsorption of Zn(II) on Pristine and SPLP/TCLP Leached Rice Straw Biochar: an Interplay of Precipitation and Ion Exchange. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 475 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05940-y

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