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Microcontaminants Removal in Constructed Wetlands with Different Baffle Arrangements and Cultivated with Pennisetum setaceum

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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) with different arrangements of baffles inside and cultivated with fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) in the removal of microcontaminants from wastewater from a university campus. The HSSF-CWs were made of fiberglass with three different configurations: CW-A without baffles; CW-B with baffles fixed to the sides; and the CW-C with baffles fixed above and below the reactor. It was analyzed the contaminants ibuprofen (IBU), acetaminophen (PAR), 4-octylphenol (4OC), caffeine (CAF), 4-nonylphenol (4NP), naproxen (NPX), bisphenol-A (BPA), diclofenac (DCF), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), and estriol (E3) by pre-concentration using Strata SAX cartridge and determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microcontaminants were monitored monthly between November/2018 and April/2019. Among the twelve microcontaminants evaluated, the endocrine disrupters 4NP and EE2 were not identified in any of the samples. In the affluent, the average concentrations ranged from 87.3 to 2559.2 ng L−1 for pharmaceuticals, 584.6 to 1658.3 ng L−1 for caffeine, and 49.1 to 584 ng L−1 for endocrine disruptors. The CWs with different baffle arrangements were efficient in removing the organic pollutants evaluated. Caffeine stimulant was the contaminant that presented the highest removal, followed by pharmaceuticals, and endocrine disruptors. Considering the risks related to the presence of these contaminants in wastewater, the results from this work represent an important contribution for studies related with the microcontaminants removal in HSSF-CW.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

The research study was performed with the support from Higher Education Improvement Coordination and Minas Gerais State Research Support Foundation (FAPEMIG).

Funding

The research was developed with the contribution of financial resources from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Minas Gerais State Research Support Foundation (FAPEMIG). This research was financially supported by the Research Supporting Foundation of Minas Gerais State (TEC-APQ-02220–15).

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  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil

    Ana Flávia Santos Rabelo de Melo, Fátima Resende Luiz Fia, Ronaldo Fia & Mateus Pimentel de Matos

  2. Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences–ICEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil

    Ananda Lima Sanson

  3. Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, UFERSA, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, 59.625-900, Brazil

    Jacineumo Falcão de Oliveira

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  1. Ana Flávia Santos Rabelo de Melo
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Contributions

Ana Flávia Santos Rabelo de Melo: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing—original draft.

Jacineumo Falcão de Oliveira: formal analysis, software.

Fátima Resende Luiz Fia: conceptualization, supervision, project administration.

Ronaldo Fia: writing—review and editing, project administration.

Mateus Pimentel de Matos: software, investigation.

Ananda Lima Sanson: methodology, validation.

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Correspondence to Jacineumo Falcão de Oliveira.

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Melo, A.F.S.R., Oliveira, J.F., Fia, F.R.L. et al. Microcontaminants Removal in Constructed Wetlands with Different Baffle Arrangements and Cultivated with Pennisetum setaceum. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 322 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05822-3

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