Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a leachate that may occur naturally or be produced at mining sites and tailings deposits. Characteristically, AMD consists of effluents with extremely low pH (4.0) and a high concentration of heavy metals; therefore, it is highly toxic. Due to the impact that these effluents have on the environment, effective and low-cost methods for AMD treatment have been developed. As an important strategy for pH increase and metal-ion precipitation, there are biological treatment methods, in which bioreactors containing biocatalysts, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria, are applied. Regarding the applicability of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the treatment of effluents, this technology can be an innovative and promising alternative for AMD treatment. This paper aims to review the biological treatments already employed for the treatment of effluents containing sulfates and/or metals and to evaluate the adaptability of such methodologies for AMD treatment, using MFCs. Studies indicate that the MFC technology has a very promising application in the treatment of water with high concentrations of sulfate and heavy metals. It shows great advantage over other strategies, since it does not require the addition of chemical compounds, besides generating energy, thus being self-sustainable.
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Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study, only articles published in scientific databases were read, analyzed, and referenced.
Abbreviations
- AMD:
-
Acid mine drainage
- MFC:
-
Microbial fuel cell
- SRB:
-
Sulfate-reducing bacteria
- SOB:
-
Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria
- WS:
-
Wetland systems
- PEM:
-
Proton-exchange membrane
- AEM:
-
Anion-exchange membrane
- N/A:
-
Not applied
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To the Research and Innovation Support Foundation of Santa Catarina State—FAPESC/SC—Brazil.
To the Federal University of Santa Catarina—UFSC.
To the Graduate Program in Energy and Sustainability—PPGES.
To National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq.
To the Laboratory for Innovative Biotechnological Processes—Lab. PROBIOTEC.
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All authors contributed to the review conception; Luiz Henrique Zim Alexandre performed the literature search, data analysis, and drafted the first version of manuscript; Tatiana Pineda-Vásquez, Elise Sommer Watzko, Derce de Oliveira Souza Recouvreux, and Regina Vasconcellos Antônio drafted and critically revised the work; all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Alexandre, L.H.Z., Pineda-Vásquez, T.G., Watzko, E.S. et al. An Evaluation of the Potential Use of Microbial Fuel Cells for Energy Production and Simultaneous Acid Mine Drainage Treatment. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 399 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05755-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05755-x