Abstract
Newly commercialized and recalcitrant (i.e., non-biodegradable) dyes are present in treated textile wastewater, as well as in the sludge generated in treatment plants. Thus, this study evaluated the efficiency of oxidative and adsorptive processes for removing such new and recalcitrant dyes from textile wastewater. Color removal tests were performed on individual dyes and a mixture of six dyes (D1, Reactive Red 195; D2, Synolon Brown S2; D3, Orange Remazol RGB; D4, Yellow Synozol K3; D5, Reactive Orange; and D6, Reactive Black 5), and the optimal conditions for each test and the most efficient method for color removal were defined for Fenton (Fe/H2O2) and Ti-photoperoxidation (UV/TiO2/H2O2) processes, with and without the addition of activated carbon (AC) derived from rice husk. Although the Fenton process was more efficient at removing color from wastewater, the formation of sludge is a drawback. Ti-photoperoxidation + AC showed the following proportions of color removal: D1, 98.8%; D2, 99.7%; D3, 98.9%; D4, 96.3%; D5, 97.2%; and D6, 94.8%. This method was used to treat textile wastewater that had previously been treated by a conventional system (i.e., chemical precipitation and a microbiological treatment), and this double-treated wastewater was analyzed to identify its potential for reuse for non-potable industrial uses. Reductions of 81.5% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 57.6% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 95.1% for color removal were achieved, but some parameters (e.g., chloride, sulfate) did not reach the values required for direct water reuse. In conclusion, Ti-photoperoxidation + AC was the best process to remove recalcitrant dyes, but the treated wastewater can be used only indirectly for the textile industry’s cleaning process.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
A.J. Feuzer-Matos and R. Ariente-Neto extend their gratitude to the CAPES – Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education for their master and postdoctoral fellowships.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq – Brazil) (Process 302124/2019–5).
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Feuzer-Matos, A.J., Testolin, R.C., Pimentel-Almeida, W. et al. Treatment of Wastewater Containing New and Non-biodegradable Textile Dyes: Efficacy of Combined Advanced Oxidation and Adsorption Processes. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 273 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05751-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05751-1